Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The products of the given acid–base reactions are to be predicted and, in each case, the stronger acid, the stronger base, the weaker acid, and the weaker base are to be labeled.
Concept introduction:
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon, or a functional group, is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by addition of molecules.
Sodium amide is a strong base that helps in the removal of terminal hydrogen of
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Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
- 4, . Consider the following equilibrium: base + -H H-Base Which of the following base(s) would favour the product in this reaction? Он CH;O NH3 NH2 CH3CO2 (1) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (a) | (b) IV (c) I, IV and V (d) I and II (e) IIl and IVarrow_forwardWhat is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction? NH3(aq) + H₂O(NH4+ (aq) + OH(aq) [NH3] [H₂O] [NH4]+[OH]- (A) Kc = (B) K (C) Kc (D) Kc (E) Kc = = = = - [NH₂+] [OH-] [NH3] [NH4+] [OH [NH3] [H₂O] [NH3] [NH4+] [OH [NH₁+]+[OH-] [NH3]arrow_forwardIf the G for a reaction is 4.5 kcal/mol at 298 K, what is the Keq for this reaction? What is the change in entropy of this reaction if H = 3.2 kcal/mol?arrow_forward
- What is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction? NH3(aq) + H₂O(1) ⇒NH4*(aq) + OH¯(aq) O O (A) Ke (B) Kc (c) Ke (D) Kc (E) Kc - = = = [NH3] [H₂O] [NH4]+[OH]- [NH4+][OH-] [NH3] [NH4+] [OH [NH3] [H₂O] [NH3] [NH₂+] [OH-] 4 [NH₁+OH [NH3]arrow_forwardPredict the products of the following acid-base reactions, and predict whether the equilibrium lies to the left or to the right of the reaction arrow: (a) O2-(aq) + H2O(l)<---> (b) CH3COOH(aq) + HS-(aq)<---> (c) NO2-(aq) + H2O(l)<--->arrow_forwardLiquid ammonia (anhydrous NH3(l)) is often used as a solvent. Like water, ammonia undergoes autoionization by the transfer of a proton: 2NH3 NH4+ + NH2- K = 1×10-33 at -50°C Since ammonia is better proton acceptor than water, the ionization of acids is relatively enhanced in liquid ammonia. For example, acetic acid is a strong acid in liquid ammonia. a) Estimate [NH4+] (mol/L) in pure (i.e. neutral) liquid ammonia at -50°C. b) Calculate [NH4+] (mol/L) in a 6.29×10-2 M solution of acetic acid in liquid ammonia at -50°C. c) Estimate [NH2-] (mol/L) in a 6.29×10-2 M solution of acetic acid in liquid ammonia at -50°C.arrow_forward
- Liquid ammonia (anhydrous NH3(0)) is often used as a solvent. Like water, ammonia undergoes autoionization by the transfer of a proton: 2NH3 = NH4+ + NH2" K = 1x10-33 at -50°C Since ammonia is better proton acceptor than water, the ionization of acids is relatively enhanced in liquid ammonia. For example, acetic acid is a strong acid in liquid ammonia. Estimate [NH4+] (mol/L) in pure (i.e. neutral) liquid ammonia at -50°C. mol/L Submit Answer Tries 0/5 Calculate [NH4+] (mol/L) in a 7.07x10-5 M solution of acetic acid in liquid ammonia at -50°C. mol/L Submit Answer Tries 0/5 Estimate [NH2] (mol/L) in a 7.07x10-5 M solution of acetic acid in liquid ammonia at -50°C.arrow_forward(i) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of basic strength :C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2, (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2(ii) Arrange the following compounds in a decreasing order of pKb values :C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH and C6H5NHarrow_forward3.41 Write an equation for the proton transfer reaction that occurs when each of the following acids reacts with water. In each case, draw curved arrows that show a mechanism for the proton transfer: (a) HBr (b) O=S=O H-O-S-O-H (c) L -Harrow_forward
- 5. Which one of the following equations would make more products upon addition of acid (H)? Briefly explain. H,SO,(aq) 2 HSO, (aq) + H (aq) HCl(aq) 2H(aq) + Cl'(aq) NH, (aq) + OH(aq) 2 NH;(aq) +H,O(1) 2 Fe,0;(s) 2 2 FeO(s) + O>(g) H(aq) + NH;(1)2 NH, (aq)arrow_forwardCOHSOH(ag) + H2On + CeHsO (aq) + H3O*(a9) Ka= 1.12 x 10-10 (a) Phenol is a weak acid that partially dissociates in water according to the equation above. Write the equilibrium-constant expression for the dissociation of the acid in water. (b) What is the pH of a 0.75 M CaHsOH(ag) solution? (C) For a certain reaction involving CaHsOH(ag) to proceed at a significant rate, the phenol must be primarily in its deprotonated form, C3H5O (eg). In order to ensure that the CsHsOH(aq) is deprotonated, the reaction must be conducted in a buffered solution. On the number scale below, circle each pH for which more than 50 percent of the phenol molecules are in the deprotonated form (CoHsO (aq). Justify your answer. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Justification: (d) CeHsOH(ag) reacts with NaOH(ag). Write a net ionic equation representing this reaction (aka: invasion equation). (e) What is the pH of the resulting solution when 30 mL of 0.40 M CSH5OH(aq) is added to 25 mL of 0.60 M NAOH. Show all work…arrow_forwardThe base-dissociation constant, Kb, for pyridine, C5H5N is 1.4x10-9. The acid- dissociation constant, Ka for the pyridinium ion, C5H5NH+ is?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning