Chapter 6.3, Problem 118E

(a)

To determine

To find: that it is an observational study or an experiment.

Answer to Problem 118E

Observation study

Explanation of Solution

An experiment purposely forces some treatment on individuals in order to note their responses. An observational study tries to collect information without disturbing the scene they are observing. Although the box (genuine or not genuine) showed at random for every students, the treatments of the type of box were arbitrary assigned to the subjects and therefore the subjects go through a treatment and This then means that the study is an observational study.

(b)

To determine

To find: that it is explanatory variable or response variable.

Answer to Problem 118E

Explanatory variable = Type of box (genuine or not genuine)

Response variable = Enter the ID and password (yes or no).

Both variables are categorical.

Explanation of Solution

A response variable is a variable that computes a result of a study, where an explanatory variable is a variable that explains or causes changes in the response variables.

It is expected that the type of box (genuine or not genuine) to affect entering the ID and Password which means that the explanatory variable is the type of box and the response variable is enter the ID and password.

Categorical/ qualitative variables place the individuals into a category, where a quantitative variable is a numerical variable.

Type of box: Categorical, the reason is that the categories are genuine and not genuine.

Enter ID and Password: Categorical, because of the categories are yes and no.