The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown. Concept Introduction: Halogen addition to an alkene: The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons. Mainly Br 2 and Cl 2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane. In general, the reaction can be shown as below. When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed. The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br - and the product is formed.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

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3. 2. 1. On the graph below, plot the volume of rain in milliliters versus its height in centimeters for the 400 mL beaker. Draw a straight line through the points and label it "400 mL beaker." Volume (mL) 400 350 300 250 200 150 750 mL Florence Volume Versus Height of Water 400 mL beaker 100 50 0 0 2 3 4 5 Height (cm) 6 7 8 9 10 Explain why the data points for the beaker lie roughly on a straight line. What kind of relationship is this? How do you know? (see page 276 text) the design of the beaker is a uniform cylinder the volume of liquid increases evenly with its height resulting in a linear relationship. What volume would you predict for 10.0 cm of water? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Use the data table and the graph to assist you in answering the question. 4. Plot the volume of rain in milliliters versus its height in centimeters for the 250 mL Florence flask on the same graph. Draw a best-fit curve through the points and label it "250 mL Florence flask." oke came

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In the video, we looked at the absorbance of a certain substance and how it varies depending on what wavelength of light we are looking at. Below is a similar scan of a different substance. What color BEST describes how this substance will appear? Absorbance (AU) Violet Blue Green Orange 1.2 1.0- 0.8- 0.6- 0.4- 0.2 0.0 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) violet indigo blue green yellow orange red Red O Cannot tell from this information In the above graph, what causes -450 nm wavelength of light to have a higher absorbance than light with a -550 nm wavelength? Check all that are true. The distance the light travels is different The different data points are for different substances The concentration is different at different times in the experiment Epsilon (molar absortivity) is different at different wavelengths

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author describes the electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes.

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Chapter 6 Solutions