Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780131495081
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Chapter 6, Problem 5P
To determine
The change that happens to the value of
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(II) A hypothetical planet has a mass 2.80 times that of Earth, but has the same radius. What is g near its surface?
(a)
(i)
Define gravitational field strength and state whether it
is a scalar or vector quantity.
A mass m is at a height h above the surface of a planet
(ii)
of mass M and radius R.
The gravitational field strength at height h is g. By
considering the gravitational force acting on massm,
derive an equation from Newton's law of gravitation to
express g in terms of M, R, h and the gravitational
conșțant G.
An object of mass m is launched from a planet of mass M and radius R.
a)Derive and enter an expression for the minimum launch speed needed for the object to escape gravity, i.e. to be able to just reach r = ∞.
b)Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M = 6 × 1023 kg and R = 76 × 104 km.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 6.3 - Suppose you could double the mass of a planet but...Ch. 6.4 - Two satellites orbit the Earth in circular orbits...Ch. 6.4 - Could astronauts in a spacecraft far out in space...Ch. 6.5 - Suppose there were a planet in circular orbit...Ch. 6 - Does an apple exert a gravitational force on the...Ch. 6 - The Suns gravitational pull on the Earth is much...Ch. 6 - Will an object weigh more at the equator or at the...Ch. 6 - Why is more fuel required for a spacecraft to...Ch. 6 - The gravitational force on the Moon due to the...Ch. 6 - How did the scientists of Newton's era determine...
Ch. 6 - If it were possible to drill a hole all the way...Ch. 6 - A satellite in a geosynchronous orbit stays over...Ch. 6 - Which pulls harder gravitationally, the Earth on...Ch. 6 - Would it require less speed to launch a satellite...Ch. 6 - An antenna loosens and becomes detached from a...Ch. 6 - Describe how careful measurements of the variation...Ch. 6 - The Sun is below us at midnight, nearly in line...Ch. 6 - When will your apparent weight be the greatest, as...Ch. 6 - If the Earths mass were double what it actually...Ch. 6 - The source of the Mississippi River is closer to...Ch. 6 - People sometimes ask. What keeps a satellite up in...Ch. 6 - Explain how a runner experiences free fall or...Ch. 6 - If you were in a satellite orbiting the Earth, how...Ch. 6 - Is the centripetal acceleration of Mars in its...Ch. 6 - The mass of the planet Pluto was not known until...Ch. 6 - The Earth moves faster in its orbit around the Sun...Ch. 6 - Keplers laws tell us that a planet moves faster...Ch. 6 - Does your body directly sense a gravitational...Ch. 6 - Discuss the conceptual differences between g as...Ch. 6 - (I) Calculate the force of Earths gravity on a...Ch. 6 - (I) Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3PCh. 6 - Prob. 4PCh. 6 - Prob. 5PCh. 6 - (II) Calculate the effective value of g, the...Ch. 6 - (II) You are explaining to friends why astronauts...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8PCh. 6 - (II) Four 8.5-kg spheres are located at the...Ch. 6 - (II) Two objects attract each other...Ch. 6 - (II) Four masses are arranged as shown in Fig....Ch. 6 - (II) Estimate the acceleration due to gravity at...Ch. 6 - (II) Suppose the mass of the Earth were doubled,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - (II) At what distance from the Earth will a...Ch. 6 - (II) Determine the mass of the Sun using the known...Ch. 6 - (II) Two identical point masses, each of mass M,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 18PCh. 6 - (III) (a) Use the binomial expansion...Ch. 6 - Prob. 20PCh. 6 - Prob. 21PCh. 6 - Prob. 22PCh. 6 - Prob. 23PCh. 6 - Prob. 24PCh. 6 - (II) You know your mass is 65 kg, but when you...Ch. 6 - (II) A 13.0-kg monkey hangs from a cord suspended...Ch. 6 - (II) Calculate the period of a satellite orbiting...Ch. 6 - Prob. 28PCh. 6 - (II) What will a spring scale read for the weight...Ch. 6 - Prob. 30PCh. 6 - (II) What is the apparent weight of a 75-kg...Ch. 6 - (II) A Ferris wheel 22.0 m in diameter rotates...Ch. 6 - Prob. 33PCh. 6 - Prob. 34PCh. 6 - Prob. 35PCh. 6 - (III) An inclined plane, fixed to the inside of an...Ch. 6 - (I) Use Keplers laws and the period of the Moon...Ch. 6 - (I) Determine the mass of the Earth from the known...Ch. 6 - (I) Neptune is an average distance of 4.5109 km...Ch. 6 - (II) Planet A and planet B are in circular orbits...Ch. 6 - (II) Our Sun rotates about the center of our...Ch. 6 - (II) Table 63 gives the mean distance, period, and...Ch. 6 - (II) Determine the mean distance from Jupiter for...Ch. 6 - (II) The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter...Ch. 6 - (III) The comet Hale-Bopp has a period of 2400...Ch. 6 - Prob. 46PCh. 6 - (III) The orbital periods and mean orbital...Ch. 6 - (II) What is the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 6 - (II) (a) What is the gravitational field at the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 50PCh. 6 - How far above the Earths surface will the...Ch. 6 - At the surface of a certain planet, the...Ch. 6 - A certain white dwarf star was once an average...Ch. 6 - What is the distance from the Earths center to a...Ch. 6 - The rings of Saturn are composed of chunks of ice...Ch. 6 - During an Apollo lunar landing mission, the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 57GPCh. 6 - Prob. 58GPCh. 6 - Jupiter is about 320 limes as massive as the...Ch. 6 - The Sun rotates about the center of the Milky Way...Ch. 6 - Prob. 61GPCh. 6 - A satellite of mass 5500 kg orbits the Earth and...Ch. 6 - Show that the rate of change of your weight is...Ch. 6 - Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope...Ch. 6 - Suppose all the mass of the Earth were compacted...Ch. 6 - A plumb bob (a mass m hanging on a string) is...Ch. 6 - A geologist searching for oil finds that the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 68GPCh. 6 - A science-fiction tale describes an artificial...Ch. 6 - How long would a day be if the Earth were rotating...Ch. 6 - An asteroid of mass m is in a circular orbit of...Ch. 6 - Newton had the data listed in Table 64, plus the...Ch. 6 - A satellite circles a spherical planet of unknown...Ch. 6 - Prob. 74GPCh. 6 - The gravitational force at different places on...Ch. 6 - Prob. 76GPCh. 6 - Estimate the value of the gravitational constant G...Ch. 6 - Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, several...
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- Check Your Understanding If we send a probe out of the solar system starting form Earth’s surface, do we only have to escape the Sun?arrow_forwardOn a planet whose radius is 1.2107m , the acceleration due to gravity is 18m/s2 . What is the mass of the planet?arrow_forwardAn object of mass m is located on the surface of a spherical planet of mass M and radius R. The escape speed from the planet does not depend on which of the following? (a) M (b) m (c) the density of the planet (d) R (e) the acceleration due to gravity on that planetarrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding By what factor must the radius change to reduce the orbital velocity of a satellite by one-half? By what factor would this change the period?arrow_forwarda) If the legendary apple of Newton could be released from rest at a height of 4.2 m from the surface of a neutron star with a mass 2.2 times that of our sun (whose mass is 1.99 x 1030 kg) and a radius of 23 km, what would be the apple's speed when it reached the surface of the star? (b) If the apple could rest on the surface of the star, what would be the difference between the gravitational acceleration at the top and at the bottom of the apple? Take the apple to be a sphere with a radius of 3.4 cm.arrow_forwardAssume a new planet discovered has a mass (1/81) that of Earth and a radius (1/4) that of Earth. Estimate the escape speed for a spacecraft from the surface of that planet. The escape speed from the surface of the Earth is 11.2 km/s.arrow_forward
- (III) The comet Hale–Bopp has an orbital period of2400 years. (a) What is its mean distance from the Sun? (b) Atits closest approach, the comet is about 1.0 AU from the Sun( 1 AU distance from Earth to the Sun). What is thefarthest distance? (c) What is the ratio of the speed at theclosest point to the speed at the farthest point?arrow_forward(III) (a) Show that if a satellite orbits very near the surface of a planet with period T, the density (= mass per unit volume) of the planet is p = m/V = 3™/GT². (b) Esti- mate the density of the Earth, given that a satellite near the surface orbits with a period of 85 min. Approximate the Earth as a uniform sphere.arrow_forwardWhat will be the escape velocity from the surface of the moon if it is 11.2 km/s at the surface of the earth? Assume that g at the surface of the moon is /5 that at the surface of the earth and the radius of the moon is '/4 that of the earth.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate how much work is required to launch a spacecraft of mass m from the surface of the earth (mass mE, radius RE) and place it in a circular low earth orbit—that is, an orbit whose altitude above the earth’s surface is much less than RE. (As an example, the International Space Station is in low earth orbit at an altitude of about 400 km, much less than RE = 6370 km.) Ignore the kinetic energy that the spacecraft has on the ground due to the earth’s rotation. (b) Calculate the minimum amount of additional work required to move the spacecraft from low earth orbit to a very great distance from the earth. Ignore the gravitational effects of the sun, the moon, and the other planets. (c) Justify the statement “In terms of energy, low earth orbit is halfway to the edge of the universe.”arrow_forwardין re 0 ra A comet of mass me is in an elliptical orbit around the sun (mass Mo), which is located at one focus of the ellipse. The comet is a distance ra from the sun at its greatest distance (aphelion) and rp at its closest pass (perihelion). Let G be the gravitational constant and recall that F₁(r) = GMm and Ug(r) = == p² GMm r 1. What physical concepts would you need in order to calculate the speed of the comet at aphelion and perihelion (va and vp)? 2. Apply these concepts to get two independent equations for the unknown quantities va and Up in terms of G, mc, Mo, Tp, and rɑ. You do not need to solve these equations.arrow_forward(c) A small object was found to drop above the surface of a big planet with no initial velocity and it fell 13.5 m in 3 s. If the radius of the planet is 5.82 x 10° m, calculate the small object's acceleration during the fall and the mass of the big planet.arrow_forward
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