Chapter 6, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction:Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism using the curved-arrow notation should be written for the below reaction to get the major organic product.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows: