Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of a given nucleophile to alkyl halides is to be written that occurs in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}{\text{1 and S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs when alkyl halide reacts with appropriate alkoxide in the presence of alcohol to produce corresponding ether.

In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, the halide is replaced by a nucleophile.

The types of nucleophilic substitution depends on the nature of the substrate.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is a single step reaction and inversion of configuration occurs to the product.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is two step reaction and mix of retention and inversion occurs to the product.

Carbocations intermediates occur in the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction with tertiary alkyl halides.

The order of reactivity of alkyl halide is tertiary > secondary> primary> methyl which undergo nucleophilic substitution ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

The order of reactivity of alkyl halide is tertiary < secondary<primary< methyl which undergo nucleophilic substitution ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction.