(a) Interpretation: The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions. Concept introduction: Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The transition states in graph needs to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

Concept introduction:

Exothermic reaction releases heat as energy to the environment while endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon makes significant differences in the energy diagram of these 2 reactions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By considering the amount of activation energy of the 2 reactions, the faster reaction can be selected.

Concept introduction:

Activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy that must be provided to start a chemical reaction. Activation energy and the speed of a reaction are interrelated.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The change in enthalpy for the reaction needs to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Enthalpy of a reaction is the energy change occurs in the system, during the particular reaction. Enthalpy of a reaction is measured as kilo Joules per mole (kJ mol-1) or kilo calories per mole (kcal mol-1).

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 27

Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1PP Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1P Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2PP Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2P Ch. 6.2 - Using the values in Table 6.2, give H for each...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.4PP Ch. 6.2 - Answer the following questions using the given...Ch. 6.2 - Given the H and balanced equation in Sample...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.6PP Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6.7PP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the transition states in graph need to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Chapter 6 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the transition states in graph need to be identified as endothermic or exothermic reactions.

(c) Interpretation: The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined. Concept introduction: Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

(d) Interpretation: The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified. Concept introduction: Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.

Chapter 6 Solutions

(c)

Interpretation:

The products in an energy diagram and the reaction coordinate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Products of a chemical reaction is represented by the final point of the reaction coordinate axis of an energy diagram.

(d)

Interpretation:

The transition states in the energy diagram needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Transition state is the state relevant to the highest energy through the reaction coordinate.