Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 29ESP
Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by conjugative plasmids such as F, represents a potential health threat through the sharing of genes for pathogenicity or antibiotic resistance. Given that more than 400 different species of bacteria coinhabit a healthy human gut and more than 200 coinhabit human skin, Francisco Dionisio [(2002) Genetics 162:1525–1532] investigated the ability of plasmids to undergo between-species conjugal transfer. The following data are presented for various species of the enterobacterial genus Escherichia. The data are presented as “log base 10” values; for example, –2.0 would be equivalent to 10–2 as a rate of transfer. Assume that all differences between values presented are statistically significant.
- (a) What general conclusion(s) can be drawn from these data?
- (b) In what species is within-species transfer most likely? In what species pair is between-species transfer most likely?
- (c) What is the significance of these findings in terms of human health?
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Which of the statements is TRUE about conjugation?
a)
Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell
b)
It may only be performed by competent cells
c)
DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome
d)
It may be specialized or generalized
Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transmitted via conjugation, in the other case it is it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it likely that the transferred DNA will be present? left and can function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answer
Which of the following statements is not applicable to conjugation?
A) OF factors are transferrable plasmids passed from one cell to another during conjugation.
B) O During conjugation, rolling circle replication transfers an F factor from an F+ cell to an F- cell.
) O An F factor acquired during conjugation will automatically be integrated into the recipient's chromosome.
D) O Conjugation requires physical contact between cells via the formation of a sex pilus.
E) O An Hfr strain is capable of transferring a portion of the chromosome during conjugation.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 6 - When the interrupted mating technique was used...Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment involving a...Ch. 6 - In complementation studies of the rII locus of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 6 - Prob. 2CSCh. 6 - Prob. 3CSCh. 6 - Prob. 4CSCh. 6 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 6 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 123. Many...Ch. 6 - With respect to F+ and F bacterial matings, answer...
Ch. 6 - List all major differences between (a) the F+ F...Ch. 6 - Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the...Ch. 6 - In general, when recombination experiments are...Ch. 6 - Why are the recombinants produced from an Hfr F...Ch. 6 - Describe the origin of F bacteria and merozygotes.Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was...Ch. 6 - Describe the role of heteroduplex formation during...Ch. 6 - Explain the observations that led Zinder and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 6 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 6 - Two theoretical genetic strains of a virus (abc...Ch. 6 - The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes...Ch. 6 - If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell...Ch. 6 - A phage-infected bacterial culture was subjected...Ch. 6 - In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage...Ch. 6 - In an analysis of rII mutants, complementation...Ch. 6 - If further testing of the mutations in Problem 18...Ch. 6 - Using mutants 2 and 3 from Problem 19, following...Ch. 6 - During the analysis of seven rII mutations in...Ch. 6 - In studies of recombination between mutants 1 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 6 - An Hfr strain is used to map three genes in an...Ch. 6 - A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of...Ch. 6 - In a cotransformation experiment, using various...Ch. 6 - For the experiment in Problem 26, another gene, g,...Ch. 6 - Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by...Ch. 6 - A study was conducted in an attempt to determine...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31ESP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- With respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, answer the following questions: (a) How was it established that physical contact between cells was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis for a bacterium’s being F+?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a mechanism by which plasmids inerease the possibility of being present in the new generation of cells? A) O They can be present at a high number so that some copies will end up in each new cell after cell division. B) O They encode traits such as antibiotic resistance that are required for growth in some environments. C) O They cause the cell to replicate much more rapidly than cells that do not have plasmids. D) O They may carry host survival genes and self-preservation genes.arrow_forwardWhat is wrongly matched? A) None of the above B) Transfer of genetic material from 1 cell to --- conjugation. Another involving cell to cell contact C) Transfer of DNA from 1 cell to another by a Bacteriophage---Transduction D) Bacterial cell in which the F factor has become integrated---HFrarrow_forward
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae. In the 1940s, penicillin was introduced as an antibiotic to treat gonorrhea. In particular, the drug inhibits the formation of new cell walls in dividing bacterial cells, making new cells vulnerable to the human body's defences. However, a new strain of Neiserria gonorrhoeae was found that is capable of breaking down penicillin, making this strain resistant. The emergence of this new strain has been associated with instances of non-strict compliance of certain patients on the use of penicillin as well as the improper administration of the drug. Based on the information given, formulate a strategy that could help control this new strain.arrow_forwardFor the following sets of partial diploid bacteria, is the Z gene constitutive, inducible, or non-inducible?arrow_forwardIn bacteria, acquisition of an F prime factor could result in the formation of a partial diploid. Theoretically, what other processes could result in creating a partial diploid? A) O transformation B) O conjugation C) O specialized transduction D) O generalized transduction D) O all of the abovearrow_forward
- In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about a vector?a) Plasmids, phages can be used as vectorsb) All vectors are plasmidsc) Cyanobacteria can also be used as vectorsd) Fungi can also be used as vectorsarrow_forwardA) A bacterium that has an F plasmid is able to do which of the following? Group of answer choices resist antibiotics survive in very harsh environments such as hypersaline lakes grow a cell wall form conjugation tubes and pass on their DNA to other bacteria reproduce sexually B) horizontal gene transfer refers to bacteria's ability to Group of answer choices make peptidoglycan for their cell walls transfer DNA to offspring, or "daughter" cells transfer DNA only when on horizontal surfaces, such as a table top transfer pieces of DNA to other cells in the population engage in mutualisms with certain speciesarrow_forward
- If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 185 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if 5 more lytic cycles occur? Express your answer using three significant figures (example: 1.11×10^3).arrow_forward1. What is a plasmid? A) An organelle found in plants that conducts photosynthesis. B) Circular extrachromosomal DNA. C) An essential part of the bacterial chromosome. 2. What is the role of the NaOH in plasmid isolation? A) It increases the pH. B) It denatures the DNA. C) Both of the above. 3. In which direction will the DNA migrate in an agarose gel? A) To the positive pole. B) To the negative pole. C) That depends on the sequence of the DNA. 4. What is the function of SDS? A) It denatures proteins. B) It disintegrates the cell membrane. C) Both of the above. 5. To which species group does E. coli belong to? A) Bacteria, B) Fungi. C) Archaea.arrow_forwardThe addition of DNase to a mixture of donor and recipientcells will prevent gene transfer viaa) DNA transformation.b) chromosome transfer by conjugation.c) plasmid transfer by conjugation.d) generalized transduction.arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license