Chapter 6, Problem 25E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{NaBr}}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+Br}}_{\text{aq}}^{\text{-}}$

Explanation of Solution

${\text{NaBr}}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+Br}}_{\text{aq}}^{\text{-}}$

Figure 1

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{NaBr}}_{\text{(s)}}$.  It should show equal

number of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{ions}$ and ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}\text{ions}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is,. ${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s) }}\to {\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s) }}$

${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s) }}\to {\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Figure 2

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s) }}$ should show twice the

number of ${\text{2Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$ ion as ${\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}$ ions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{Al(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3(s)}}\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{3+}}{\text{+3NO}}_{\text{3(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{Al(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3(s)}}$

${\text{Al(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3(s)}}\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{3+}}{\text{+3NO}}_{\text{3(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Figure 3

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{Al(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3(s)}}$ should show thrice the

number of ${\text{2Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$ ion as ${\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}$ ions.

should show equal

number of ${\text{3NO}}_{\text{3(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$ ions as ${\text{Al}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{3+}}$ ions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{ (NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{2NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{ (NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(s)}}$

${\text{ (NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{2NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$

Figure 4

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{ (NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(s)}}$  should show

number of ${\text{2NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$ ions and one ${\text{ SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$ ion.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{NaOH}}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{ Na}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{NaOH}}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$

${\text{NaOH}}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{ Na}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Figure 5

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{NaOH}}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$  should show equal

Number of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ions and ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ion.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}\to {\text{Fe}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}$

${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}\to {\text{Fe}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$

Figure 6

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}$  should show equal

number of ${\text{Fe}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{2+}}$ ions and one ${\text{ SO}}_{\text{4(aq)}}^{\text{2-}}$ ion.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{K}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{+ MnO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$

${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{K}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{+ MnO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Figure 7

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$  should show equal

number of ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ions and one ${\text{ MnO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ion

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}\to {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + ClO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}\to {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + ClO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Figure 8

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$  should show equal

number of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ions and one ${\text{ ClO}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ion.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Drawing the molecular-level pictures of strong electrolytes when its breaks up into component ions upon dissolving in water.

Concept Introduction:

Strong electrolyte totally dissociates in a solution.  These ions are good conductors of emotional current in the solution.

Answer to Problem 25E

The dissociation of the given strong electrolyte is, ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{+}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$

${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{+}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}{\text{ + C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Figure 9

Let us consider the above molecular-level pictures of  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{s}\right)}$  should show equal

Number of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{{}^{\text{+}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ions and one ${\text{ C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{{}^{\text{-}}}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}$ ion.