(a)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of given atom in the given molecule has to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The oxidation state is the distinction between the numbers of electrons connected by an atom in a composite as compared with the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The oxidation state is also called oxidation number
Rule 1: The oxidation numeral of an element in its open (uncombined) state is zero
Rule 2: The oxidation numeral of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the similar as the indict on the ion
(b)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of given atom in the given molecule has to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The oxidation state is the distinction between the numbers of electrons connected by an atom in a composite as compared with the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The oxidation state is also called oxidation number
Rule 1: The oxidation numeral of an element in its open (uncombined) state is zero
Rule 2: The oxidation numeral of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the similar as the indict on the ion
(c)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of given atom in the given molecule has to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The oxidation state is the distinction between the numbers of electrons connected by an atom in a composite as compared with the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The oxidation state is also called oxidation number
Rule 1: The oxidation numeral of an element in its open (uncombined) state is zero
Rule 2: The oxidation numeral of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the similar as the indict on the ion
(d)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of given atom in the given molecule has to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The oxidation state is the distinction between the numbers of electrons connected by an atom in a composite as compared with the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The oxidation state is also called oxidation number
Rule 1: The oxidation numeral of an element in its open (uncombined) state is zero
Rule 2: The oxidation numeral of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the similar as the indict on the ion
(e)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of given atom in the given molecule has to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The oxidation state is the distinction between the numbers of electrons connected by an atom in a composite as compared with the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The oxidation state is also called oxidation number
Rule 1: The oxidation numeral of an element in its open (uncombined) state is zero
Rule 2: The oxidation numeral of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the similar as the indict on the ion
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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c) LiNO3 (d) H2Se (e) Mg2Si (f) RbO2, rubidium superoxide (g) HFarrow_forwardChromium has been investigated as a coating for steel cans. The thickness of the chromium film is determined by dissolving a sample of a can in acid and oxidizing the resulting Cr3+ to Cr2O72 with the peroxydisulfate ion: S2O82(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) Cr2O72(aq) + SO42(aq) + H+(aq) (Unbalanced) After removal of unreacted S2O82 an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O] is added, reacting with Cr2O72 produced from the first reaction. The unreacted Fe2+ from the excess ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a separate K2Cr2O7 solution. The reaction is: H+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) (Unbalanced) a. Write balanced chemical equations for the two reactions. b. In one analysis, a 40.0-cm2 sample of a chromium-plated can was treated according to this procedure. After dissolution and removal of excess S2O82, 3.000 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O was added. It took 8.58 mL of 0.0520 M K2Cr2O7 solution to completely react with the excess Fe2+. Calculate the thickness of the chromium film on the can. (The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm3)arrow_forwardGold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forward
- The blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forwardA transition metal X forms an oxide of formula X2O3. It is found that only 50% of X atoms in this compound are in the +3 oxidation state. The only other stable oxidation states of X are +2 and +5. What percentage of X atoms are in the +2 oxidation state in this compound?arrow_forwardThe iron content of hemoglobin is determined by destroying the hemoglobin molecule and producing small water-soluble ions and molecules. The iron in the aqueous solution is reduced to iron(II) ion and then titrated against potassium permanganate. In the titration, iron(ll) is oxidized to iron(III) and permanganate is reduced to manganese(II) ion. A 5.00-g sample of hemoglobin requires 32.3 mL of a 0.002100 M solution of potassium permanganate. The reaction with permanganate ion is MnO4(aq)+8H+(aq)+5Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+(aq)+4H2O What is the mass percent of iron in hemoglobin?arrow_forward
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