Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 11Q
Consider an airplane trip from Chicago, Illinois, to Denver, Colorado. List some path-dependent functions and some state functions for the plane trip.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 6 - Define the following terms: potential energy,...Ch. 6 - Consider the following potential energy diagrams...Ch. 6 - What is the first law of thermodynamics? How can a...Ch. 6 - When a gas expands, what is the sign of w? Why?...Ch. 6 - What is the heat gained/released at constant...Ch. 6 - High-quality audio amplifiers generate large...Ch. 6 - Explain how calorimetry works to calculate H or E...Ch. 6 - What is Hesss law? When a reaction is reversed,...Ch. 6 - Define the standard enthalpy of formation. What...Ch. 6 - Objects placed together eventually reach the same...
Ch. 6 - What is meant by the term lower in energy? Which...Ch. 6 - A fire is started in a fireplace by striking a...Ch. 6 - Liquid water turns to ice. Is this process...Ch. 6 - Consider the following statements: ''Heat is a...Ch. 6 - Consider 5.5 L of a gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm...Ch. 6 - Consider 5.5 L of a gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm...Ch. 6 - What if energy was not conserved? How would this...Ch. 6 - Hesss law is really just another statement of the...Ch. 6 - In the equation w = P V, why is there a negative...Ch. 6 - Consider an airplane trip from Chicago, Illinois,...Ch. 6 - How is average bond strength related to relative...Ch. 6 - Assuming gasoline is pure C8H18(l), predict the...Ch. 6 - What is the difference between H and E?Ch. 6 - The enthalpy change for the reaction...Ch. 6 - For the reaction HgO(s)Hg(l)+12O2(g),H=+90.7kJ:...Ch. 6 - The enthalpy of combustion of CH4(g) when H2O(l)...Ch. 6 - The enthalpy change for a reaction is a state...Ch. 6 - Standard enthalpies of formation are relative...Ch. 6 - The combustion of methane can be represented as...Ch. 6 - Why is it a good idea to rinse your thermos bottle...Ch. 6 - Prob. 22QCh. 6 - What is incomplete combustion of fossil fuels? Why...Ch. 6 - Explain the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25ECh. 6 - Which has the greater kinetic energy, an object...Ch. 6 - Consider the following diagram when answering the...Ch. 6 - A gas absorbs 45 kJ of heat and does 29 kJ of...Ch. 6 - A system releases 125 kJ of heal while 104 kJ of...Ch. 6 - Calculate E for each of the following. a. q = 47...Ch. 6 - A system undergoes a process consisting of the...Ch. 6 - If the internal energy of a thermodynamic system...Ch. 6 - Calculate the internal energy change for each of...Ch. 6 - A sample of an ideal gas at 15.0 atm and 10.0 L is...Ch. 6 - A piston performs work of 210. L atm on the...Ch. 6 - Consider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a...Ch. 6 - As a system increases in volume, it absorbs 52.5 J...Ch. 6 - A balloon filled with 39.1 moles of helium has a...Ch. 6 - One mole of H2O(g) at 1.00 atm and 100.C occupies...Ch. 6 - One of the components of polluted air is NO. It is...Ch. 6 - The reaction SO3(g)+H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) is the last...Ch. 6 - Are the following processes exothermic or...Ch. 6 - Are the following processes exothermic or...Ch. 6 - The overall reaction in a commercial heat pack can...Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the combustion of propane:...Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6 - For the process H2O(l) H2O(g) at 298 K and 1.0...Ch. 6 - For the following reactions at constant pressure,...Ch. 6 - Consider the substances in Table 7-1. Which...Ch. 6 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J/Cg....Ch. 6 - A 500-g sample of one of the substances listed in...Ch. 6 - It takes 585 J of energy to raise the temperature...Ch. 6 - A 30.0-g sample of water at 280. K is mixed with...Ch. 6 - A biology experiment requires the preparation of a...Ch. 6 - A 5.00-g sample of aluminum pellets (specific heat...Ch. 6 - Hydrogen gives off 120. J/g of energy when burned...Ch. 6 - A 150.0-g sample of a metal at75.0C is added to...Ch. 6 - A 110.-g sample of copper (specific heat capacity...Ch. 6 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 50.0 mL of 0.100 M...Ch. 6 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 100.0 mL of 1.0 M...Ch. 6 - A coffee-cup calorimeter initially contains 125 g...Ch. 6 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g NH4NO3 is...Ch. 6 - Consider the dissolution of CaCl2:...Ch. 6 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 6 - The heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter was...Ch. 6 - The combustion of 0.1584 g benzoic acid increases...Ch. 6 - The enthalpy of combustion of solid carbon to form...Ch. 6 - Combustion reactions involve reacting a substance...Ch. 6 - Given the following data calculate H for the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 72ECh. 6 - Given the following data 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ...Ch. 6 - Calculate H for the reaction N2H4(l) + O2(g) ...Ch. 6 - Given the following data...Ch. 6 - Given the following data...Ch. 6 - Give the definition of the standard enthalpy of...Ch. 6 - Write reactions for which the enthalpy change will...Ch. 6 - Use the values ofHf in Appendix 4 to calculate H...Ch. 6 - Use the values of Hf in Appendix 4 to calculate H...Ch. 6 - The Ostwald process for the commercial production...Ch. 6 - Calculate H for each of the following reactions...Ch. 6 - The reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle...Ch. 6 - The space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation...Ch. 6 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 6 - The standard enthalpy of combustion of ethene gas,...Ch. 6 - Water gas is produced from the reaction of steam...Ch. 6 - Syngas can be burned directly or converted to...Ch. 6 - Ethanol (C2H5OH) has been proposed as an...Ch. 6 - Methanol (CH3OH) has also been proposed as an...Ch. 6 - Some automobiles and buses have been equipped to...Ch. 6 - Acetylene (C2H2) and butane (C4H10) are gaseous...Ch. 6 - Prob. 93ECh. 6 - The complete combustion of acetylene, C2H2(g),...Ch. 6 - It has been determined that the body can generate...Ch. 6 - One way to lose weight is to exercise! Walking...Ch. 6 - Three gas-phase reactions were run in a...Ch. 6 - Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form...Ch. 6 - Combustion of table sugar produces CO2(g) and H2O(...Ch. 6 - Prob. 100AECh. 6 - Consider the following cyclic process carried out...Ch. 6 - Calculate H for the reaction...Ch. 6 - The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 104AECh. 6 - If a student performs an endothermic reaction in a...Ch. 6 - In a bomb calorimeter, the reaction vessel is...Ch. 6 - The bomb calorimeter in Exercise 102 is filled...Ch. 6 - Consider the two space shuttle fuel reactions in...Ch. 6 - Consider the following equations:...Ch. 6 - Given the following data...Ch. 6 - At 298 K, the standard enthalpies of formation for...Ch. 6 - Using the following data, calculate the standard...Ch. 6 - A sample of nickel is heated to 99.8C and placed...Ch. 6 - Given: 2Cu2O(s) + O2(g) 4CuO(s)H = 288 kJ Cu2O(s)...Ch. 6 - Calculate H for each of the following reactions,...Ch. 6 - Consider a balloon filled with helium at the...Ch. 6 - In which of the following systems is(are) work...Ch. 6 - Which of the following processes are exothermic?...Ch. 6 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 6 - A swimming pool, 10.0 m by 4.0 m, is filled with...Ch. 6 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 150.0 mL of 0.50 M...Ch. 6 - Calculate H for the reaction...Ch. 6 - Which of the following substances have an enthalpy...Ch. 6 - Consider 2.00 moles of an ideal gas that are taken...Ch. 6 - For the process H2O(l)H2O(g) at 298 K and 1.0 atm,...Ch. 6 - The sun supplies energy at a rate of about 1.0...Ch. 6 - The best solar panels currently available are...Ch. 6 - On Easter Sunday, April 3, 1983, nitric acid...Ch. 6 - A piece of chocolate cake contains about 400...Ch. 6 - The standard enthalpies of formation for S(g),...Ch. 6 - You have a l.00-mole sample of water at 30.C and...Ch. 6 - A 500.0-g sample of an element at 195C is dropped...Ch. 6 - The preparation of NO2(g) from N2(g) and O2(g) is...Ch. 6 - Nitromethane, CH3NO2, can be used as a fuel. When...Ch. 6 - A cubic piece of uranium metal (specific heat...Ch. 6 - A gaseous hydrocarbon reacts completely with...
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- The combustion of methane, is an exothermic process. Therefore, the products of this reaction must possess (higher/ lower) total potential energy than do the reactants.arrow_forwardDescribe the interconversions of potential and kinetic energy in a moving pendulum. A moving pendulum eventually comes to rest. Has the energy been lost? If not, what has happened to it?arrow_forward9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity (pressurevolume) and show that they are energy units, consistent with the idea of PV-work.arrow_forward
- The internal energy of a system is said to be the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in the system. Section 10. 1 discusses potential energy and kinetic energy in terms of a ball on a hill. Explain potential energy and kinetic energy for a chemical reaction.arrow_forwardConsider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a cylinder with a piston. The original volume is 40. cm3. If the combustion of this mixture releases 950. J of energy, to what volume will the gases expand against a constant pressure of 650. torr if all the energy of combustion is converted into work to push back the piston?arrow_forward9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J , q=400J ; or E=317J , q=347J ?arrow_forward
- The statement Energycan beneithercreatednor destroyedis sometimes used as an equivalent statement of the first law of thermodynamics. There areinaccuracies to the statement, however. Restate it tomake it less inaccurate.arrow_forwardA bomb calorimeter is a study metal vessel in which samples can be ignited and the amount of heat given off can be measured as the heat warms up surrounding water. Draw a rough sketch of such an experimental setup and label a the system and b the surroundings.arrow_forwardA piece of chocolate cake contains about 400 calories. A nutritional calorie is equal to 1000 calories (thermochemical calories), which is equal to 4.184 kJ. How many 8-in-high steps must a 180-lb man climb to expend the 400 Cal from the piece of cake? See Exercise 28 for the formula for potential energy.arrow_forward
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