Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 54, Problem 9TYU
Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed among four species: 5A, 5B, 85C, and 5D. Community 2 contains 100 individuals distributed among three species: 30A, 40B, and 30C. Calculate the Shannon diversity (H) for each community. Which community is more diverse?
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What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community?
What is the Species evenness value for this community?
Use the Shannon-Weiner Diversity equation to calculate diversity (H). Which treatment (predator enclosure, no predator enclosure) is more diverse? Why do you think this is the case?
Predator Enclosure:
Species
Number
A
5
B
1
C
4
D
2
E
12
No Predator Enclosure:
Species
Number
A
7
B
9
C
17
D
3
What is the Gini-Simpson index of diversity for each community?
What is the Shannon index for each community?
What is the simple matching index between these two communities assuming there are only 7 species in the area?
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You are comparing species diversity between four different habitats: which of the following habitats is the most diverse? Habitat A has 15 species total, with approximately equal representation across all species Habitat B has 15 species total, and is dominated by two of its fifteen species Habitat C has 3 species total, with approximately equal representation across all species Habitat D has 3 species total, and is dominated by one of its three species Habitats A and B are equally diversearrow_forwardEcology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community. Denoted as H, this index is calculated as: H = -Σpi * ln(pi) where: Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum” ln: Natural log pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species. The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community. Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as: EH = H / ln(S) where: H: The Shannon Diversity Index S: The total number of unique species What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community? What…arrow_forwardIf you remove all the flying squirrels (n=100) from a community and replace them with a new elk species (n=100), how does that affect the species diversity (H=2.31)?arrow_forward
- When we measure species density. If you apply random sampling and systematic sampling to a site setting, what problems may we encounter? Why is there an error compared with the actual density of species?arrow_forwardQ2.3 1 Point Calculate the Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson's index of diversity for each island. Island A Island B Island C Save Answer *Unsaved Changesarrow_forwardCommunity 1 is formed of species A, B, C, D, and E. Community 2 is formed of species A, C, F, G, H. What is beta diversity, as estimated using the Jaccard indexarrow_forward
- Two species of bird live in the same tree. Seeds only grow at the tops of the tree and insects only live at the bottom of the tree. Bird species A lives in the tops of the trees and eats both insects and seeds. Bird species B lives in the bottom of the tree and only eats insects. Which of the following describes why these two species live together in the same community? Group of answer choices Species A and Species B have the same fundamental niche. Species A and Species B have the same realized niche. Species A and Species B have a different fundamental niche. Species A and Species B have a different realized niche.arrow_forwardData shown in this figure describes the species richness of mammals and birds among a variety of Sky islands. Which of the following best fits the correlations represented in the graphs? 1) number of individuals increases with area and decreases with isolation 2) species richness increases with area and decreases with isolation 3) species diversity varies depending on area and isolation? Follow up question which model of species distribution and abundance does this data support? 1) Species area relationship 2) species accumulation curve 3) island-biogeography 4) rapoport’s rulearrow_forwardYou are analyzing observational data on interactions between populations of two species in a community colleceted over 24 years. Here are the data on a 2-species graph. 70 60 50 50 40 40 Number of Species B 30 2 30 16 3 4 20 10 6 5 7 8 00 Numbers = Observation year 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Number of Species A Species A and Species B, respectively, are commensals competitors prey and predatorarrow_forward
- The green line is the isocline for species 1. The black line is the isocline for species 2. Population size Ni is on the x- axis. Population size N2 is on the y-axis. Why do both species coexist in this scenario? K/a12 (A) species 2 reaches its carrying capacity before it reaches the number of individuals it would take to drive species 1 extinct. At every stable size for species 2, species 1 is below its carrying capacity and therefore still increasing. K2 (B) the carrying capacity for both species is reached before they reach the number of individuals required to drive the other species extinct. At low population sizes, each species' growth rate is positive. KI (C) both species' carrying capacities are higher than the population size required to drive the other species extinct. Population size of Species 1 Green is the isocline for species 1 Black is the isocline for species 2 Population size of Species 2arrow_forwardThe table below shows the size of species A and B populations that live on a small island near Philippine.a) State how the information in the table can be used to determine thatthe species B is the predator.b) Briefly explain TWO (2) possible ecological reasons, other than humanactivity, for the change in species A population between 1985 and 1990.c) Name TWO (2)limiting factors that keep the species B population sizefrom growing any larger.arrow_forwardProvide two explanations as to why the densities of the beetles may be different in each habitat in no more than 100 words.arrow_forward
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