Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54, Problem 54.3CR
Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more likely to initiate primary or secondary succession? Explain.
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Secondary succession is always the result of anthropogenic factors.
True or False?
For each of the following disturbances, select either "primary succession" or "secondary succession".
A wildfire rages across an old growth forest,
killing all plants except those with fire
[ Choose ]
resistant root structures.
A flood covers a field in approximately 2 m of
water which persists for 3 days.
[ Choose ]
A huge storm causes a landslide that covers a
[ Choose ]
field of wildflowers in a thick layer of stinky
bacteria-laden mud
A volcano eruption produces lava that
[ Choose ]
completely covers the surrounding slopes
several feet thick.
A farmer releases his cattle into a previously
[ Choose ]
untouched field to graze to their hearts'
content.
A receding glacier uncovers a new
[ Choose ]
rockface which is devoid of soil and
vegetation.
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>
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A forest fire destroys a large section of a mature forest. Several years later, the area is covered with a mix of grasses, shrubs, and small trees. The process of ecological recovery in this forest is characterized by the re-establishment of complex plant communities.
1) Is this an example of primary or secondary succession?
2) Which stage of ecological succession is most likely represented by this scenario?
Intermediate stage
Alternative stable stage
Pioneer stage
Climax Community Stage
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- A corn field is harvested and plowed, removing most---but not all---of the vegetation. The field is then abandoned and soon begins to revegetate. (A) Would this be an example of primary or secondary succession? Explain. (B) If the field remains undisturbed, we would expect the plant community to change over time. What changes might you expect? For example, what characteristics might you expect in the early successional species and what characteristics might you expect in the later successional species? For full credit, be sure to explain how the different characteristics are expected to be beneficial at each successional stage. secondary succession. it is not primer. some physical characteristics change over time like size.arrow_forwardWhich of these hypotheses does not explain why increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere could cause a decrease in the productivity of some crops because of changes in climate? A) There could be increases in average winter temperatures that reduce the growth of crops. B) There could be decreases in precipitation in some regions that reduce growth in some crops. C) There could be shifts in the ranges of some important species in the community, such as pollinators, that cause reduction of growth in some crops.arrow_forwardWhich is an example of secondary succession? Mark only one oval. A) Beach grasses colonize a newly formed sand dune. B) Retreating glaciers leave alluvial soils for cottonwood trees to colonize. C) A shift in river flow introduces sediment to a rocky area. D) A farmer allows an agricultural field to return to native grassland. An old pine tree in someone's front yard is beginning to die as the neighborhood deciduous trees have grown in abundance and size. Based on the ideas of the concept of succession, why might this be? Mark only one oval. A) Deciduous trees have depleted the soil of nutrients. B) The pine tree is shade intolerant. C) The pine tree has depleted the soil of nutrients. D) Deciduous trees are shade intolerant. E) Salt water most likely has intruded the area The number of species within a community is usually greatest when which of the following occurs? Mark only one oval. A) no disturbance occurs. B) a low frequency of disturbance occurs. C) an intermediate frequency of…arrow_forward
- Which is an example of secondary succession? Mark only one oval. A) Beach grasses colonize a newly formed sand dune. B) Retreating glaciers leave alluvial soils for cottonwood trees to colonize. C) A shift in river flow introduces sediment to a rocky area. D) A farmer allows an agricultural field to return to native grassland. An old pine tree in someone's front yard is beginning to die as the neighborhood deciduous trees have grown in abundance and size. Based on the ideas of the concept of succession, why might this be? one! Mark only one oval. A) Deciduous trees have depleted the soil of nutrients. B) The pine tree is shade intolerant. C) The pine tree has depleted the soil of nutrients. D) Deciduous trees are shade intolerant. E) Salt water most likely has intruded the area The number of species within a community is usually greatest when which of the following occurs? Mark only one oval. A) no disturbance occurs. OB) a low frequency of disturbance occurs. C) an intermediate…arrow_forwardWhat type of succession is the case study, Surtsey Island, Iceland, in the image (primary or secondary)? How do you know?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the effects of clear-cutting on the Amazonian forest are true? Select all that apply. a) Soil moisture is likely to decline. b) Nutrient export is likely to decline. c) Species diversity is likely to decline. d) Atmospheric CO2 is likely to decline.arrow_forward
- a population of mice moves into a field in which secondary succession is occurring. What is the most likely reason the mouse population moved into this area?arrow_forwardMatch the following succession terms to the correct description. primary succession [Choose ] secondary [Choose ] succession pioneer species [Choose ] severe disturbances [Choose] ◆ ◆arrow_forwardWhat abiotic and biotic consequences has fragmentation from different land-use practices had on structure and function of Southern Louisiana ecosystems?arrow_forward
- Question 4A. According to the core-satellite hypothesis, ______________. A) most species are common. B) abundance and occurrence are linearly related. C) satellite species are found in many sites surrounding core sites. D) core species are found at few sites. Part B The intensity of competition ____________ during secondary succession. Part C Which of these disturbances is most variable in its impact? A) Crown fire B) Hurricane C) Flood D) Glaciationarrow_forwardWhich stage of succession has the strongest interspecific competition? First stage of succession or climax stage Which stage of succession has primarily niche pre-emption competition? First stage of succession or climax stagearrow_forwardHow many species are on the far small island? Rate of Change in the Number of Species over Time 0 0 O 50 O 100 O 150 200 0 A B 50 100 # Species 150 200 C D pe g GRA Pa rimarrow_forward
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