Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54, Problem 54.2CR
Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a community of higher species richness always more diverse than a community of lower species richness? Explain.
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You are comparing species diversity between four different habitats: which of the
following habitats is the most diverse?
Habitat A has 15 species total, with approximately equal representation across
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Habitat B has 15 species total, and is dominated by two of its fifteen species
Habitat C has 3 species total, with approximately equal representation across all
species
Habitat D has 3 species total, and is dominated by one of its three species
Habitats A and B are equally diverse
Consider the following hypothetical scenario: In a vast area of a land-locked town, two distinct forest formations can be found – (1) forest over limestone formation and (2) a lowland tropical forest. Researchers did an area-random sampling composed of 25 plots measuring 20mx20m for each of the two forest formations. Do you think the two forest formations have the same diversity index values and species richness? Why or why not?
Data shown in this figure describes the species richness of mammals and birds among a variety of Sky islands.
Which of the following best fits the correlations represented in the graphs?
1) number of individuals increases with area and decreases with isolation
2) species richness increases with area and decreases with isolation
3) species diversity varies depending on area and isolation?
Follow up question which model of species distribution and abundance does this data support?
1) Species area relationship
2) species accumulation curve
3) island-biogeography
4) rapoport’s rule
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Ecology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community. Denoted as H, this index is calculated as: H = -Σpi * ln(pi) where: Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum” ln: Natural log pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species. The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community. Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as: EH = H / ln(S) where: H: The Shannon Diversity Index S: The total number of unique species What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community? What…arrow_forwardUsing the netlogo run the sheep-wolves-grass model variation, but set INITIAL-NUMBER-WOLVES to 0. This gives a stable ecosystem with only sheep and grass. Why might this be stable while the variation with only sheep and wolves is not?arrow_forwardChoose one of the following factors and explain how and why species richness varies with it: temporal variation, latitude, succession. Give a specific example.arrow_forward
- What do you mean lay species diversity? Name two measures of species diversity?arrow_forwardYou are an ecologist studying the biodiversity of islands in a tropical archipelago. Using the species-area relationship, you aim to estimate the number of species on a newly discovered island with an area of 220 km². Your research has established that the y-intercept of the species-area relationship (log S = log c + z log A) is 1.09 and the slope (z) is 0.38. Based on these parameters, how many species would you expect to find on this island? Group of answer choices: 34 149 82 8 92 0.65arrow_forwardA scientist studying the diversity of month species in two forests calculates H' = 1.6 for forest 1 and H' = 1.1 for forest 2. What conclusion can be made based on these data? %3D The moth species richness of forest 1 is greater than forest 2 If the species richness of both forests is equal, the species evenness of forest 2 is greater There was more sampling effort in forest 2 than forest 1 If the species richness of both forests is equal, the species evenness of forest 1 is greaterarrow_forward
- Why do ecologists consider both species richness and species evenness when they quantify species diversity?arrow_forwardTwo species have the same initial population size of 48.00, as well as rates of b = 0.83 and d = 0.66. However, species A reproduces seasonally and species B reproduces relatively continuously. How much bigger would the population of species B be after five years as compared to species A?arrow_forwardWhat single environmental factor is most likely to shift the geographic ranges of many species, thus altering regional patterns of diversity? Give reasons for your answer.arrow_forward
- briefly explain why there is species variation?arrow_forwardAssume a forest with 2 species of animals (A and B) and are competing for the same resources. Suppose species A dies at 1% per year and species B at 11.57% per year. A total of 6500 animals can survive in the forest. Species B has a higher birth rate and 65% of all new survival replacements go to them and the rest go to species A. What would the steady state number of species A animals be? please report a whole number.arrow_forwardSuppose you model the interaction between the elephants and acacias using a simple Lotka-Voterra predation model, where N is the number of A. depranolobium trees, and P = number of elephants. part a: According to the model, what happens in the short term to the elephant and acacia populations if the elephant population is lower than its own isocline, and the acacia tree population is lower than its own isocline? (Choose one.) Group of answer choices Both elephant and acacia populations will increase in size. Both elephant and acacia populations will decrease in size. The elephant population will decrease in size, but the acacia population will increase in size. The elephant population will increase in size, but the acacia population will decrease in size. part B: Which of the following would make this simple model more realistic? (Select all that apply.) including A. mellifera trees as a prey for elephants including other herbivore populations (such as giraffes)…arrow_forward
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