Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54, Problem 14TYU
Summary Introduction
To describe: The ecological interactions that occur between three species.
Concept introduction: Mutualism is a type of interaction in which both the species are benefitted due to the association. In this type of interaction, both the species incur some cost and in turn both get benefits.
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describe two types of ecological interactions that appear to be occurring between the three individuals of different species shown in this photo. identify the morphological adaptations that can be seen in the organism that is at the highest trophic level in this scene.
please help 3rd part
SCENARIO:
Ecologists have recently made an observation regarding a species of nematode (round worm) commonly found in Australian soils with two distinct phenotypes appearing, the mutant form appears to have increased cuticle formation. This species is a crucial part of their ecosystem’s food web and is a predator of many soil microbes. The divergent phenotype appears to negatively affect its predatory behaviour, which could have disastrous flow on effects to the rest of the ecosystem. Preliminary studies also indicate this phenotype has a genetic basis, so is not caused by infection. You have been tasked with uncovering the genetic basis of this phenotype.
Q6. Given the phenotype leads to a negative impact on the nematode’s predatory behaviour, develop a hypothesis as to why this phenotype is increasing among the population (i.e. it is being positively selected for):
Q7. Briefly describe an experiment you could use to test this hypothesis:
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...
Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.1CRCh. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- SCENARIO: Ecologists have recently made an observation regarding a species of nematode (round worm) commonly found in Australian soils with two distinct phenotypes appearing, the mutant form appears to have increased cuticle formation. This species is a crucial part of their ecosystem’s food web and is a predator of many soil microbes. The divergent phenotype appears to negatively affect its predatory behaviour, which could have disastrous flow on effects to the rest of the ecosystem. Preliminary studies also indicate this phenotype has a genetic basis, so is not caused by infection. You have been tasked with uncovering the genetic basis of this phenotype. Q1. Given the phenotype blister nematode leads to a negative impact on the nematode’s predatory behaviour, develop a hypothesis as to why this phenotype is increasing among the population (i.e. it is being positively selected for): Q2. Briefly describe an experiment you could use to test this hypothesis:arrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios may demonstrate an organism selecting a resource non-randomly? (Hint: think about the availability versus use of each type of resource .) a. )A tide pool contains twice as many red urchins as purple urchins. Otters eat twice as many red urchins as purple urchins . B. ) In a desert with equal numbers of creosote and saltbush, ants gather only creosote seeds. C. ) In a desert of only creosote bushes, ants gather creosote seeds. D. ) A tide pool contains twice as many purple urchins as red urchins. Otters eat twice as many red urchins as purple urchins.arrow_forwardStudy these two figures? Which graph represents Semibalanus? (d) When competition is asymmetric and niches do not overlap completely, weaker competitors use nonoverlapping resources. Chthamalus in Species 1 (strong competitor) (weak competitor) upper intertidal zone Species 2 fig 53.5 Fundamental Mean tide level niche Realized Semibalanus in lower intertidal zone niche O Pon Beran Cuminga Ar erve Niche (range of resources used) Copyright e 2008 Pearson Benjamin Cumnings. Alrights reserved. A. purple graph (left) B. green graph (right) A. purple graph (left) B. green graph (right) Number of individuals using resourcearrow_forward
- In a diagram, illustrate the dynamics of the benthic ecosystem particularly showing life habits of the benthos. Make the interactions in the benthic ecosystem explicit in your diagram. Provide a caption/short description (2-3 sentences) of your illustration.arrow_forwardWhat is the principle that teaches us that two species cannot coexist in the exact same niche in the same habitat.This is because species with same niches have comparable requirements, which implies they would fight for the same resources.arrow_forwardWhen one species is better at obtaining and holding space than another, it is competitively dominant. Based on the diagram which non-mobile (sessile) species is the dominant competitor in the intertidal? Which is second? Rank the six non-mobile species from (1) most to (6) least competitively dominant. Below are the competitive arrows from the slides (recall that sessile consumers are superior competitors over the algal species). gooseneck barnacle mussel acorn barnacle coral weed black pine Primary Producers nori seaweed 1= strongest competitor and 6= weakest competitor common coral weed [ Choose ] nori seaweed [ Choose ] black pine algae [ Choose ] mussels [ Choose ] acorn barnacles [ Choose ] gooseneck barnacles [ Choose ] > > > >arrow_forward
- Two species are investigated to understand their adaptive strategies against the environmental stressor(s). Species A has shallow roots and relies on soil moisture, while Species B is dependent on deep groundwater. In Figure 2, the leaf water potential at pre-dawn (before sunrise) and at midday (noon) were quantified for each species throughout the year. Is the top panel most likely to represent data for Species A or Species B? Figure 2. Pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) for the two species at different dates throughout the year.arrow_forwardConstruct your model of the food chain/web by moving and linking (using arrows leading from those that eat and those that are eaten) all 8 images of the different species (trophic components).arrow_forwardRead this quote from Charles Darwin (from Origin of Species). What is he describing? "Thus, I can understand how a flower and a bee might slowly become, either simultaneously or one after the other, modified and adapted to each other in the most perfect manner, by the continued preservation of all the individuals which presented slight deviations of structure mutually favorable to one another." An interaction network. A predator/prey cycle. O Coevolution. An obligate mutualism.arrow_forward
- Number answers only thanksarrow_forwardDon't Explain Just Answer the MCq'sarrow_forwardUsing what was talked about in class, which of the following would most indicate an ecosystem that is the most resilient to change? (a) Many species with a lot of connections (b) Few species with few connections (c) None of these (d) Many species with few connectionsarrow_forward
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