Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 52, Problem 8TYU
MODEL Draw a vertical food chain (part of a food web) showing that sea urchins eat kelp and that sea otters eat sea urchins. Use this model to: (1) show or explain how a trophic cascade works; and (2) offer an explanation for why otters are considered a keystone species.
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Trophic Cascade Concept Map
Primary Producers: Include at least two different types of primary producers (plants, algae, or other autotrophs) in the ecosystem.
Herbivores: Identify herbivores that feed on the primary producers you chose or invented. Include 2 different species that might consume your primary producers
Primary and/or Secondary Carnivores Introduce at least 2 carnivores that prey on herbivores or other carnivores. Demonstrate a cascading effect on the ecosystem.
Biotic Interactions-Highlight various biotic interactions, such as mutualism, competition, and especially predation, among different organisms in the community.
Using the African Savannah food web below, describe what would happen to various animals and plants if Impala were hunted to extinction? Remember to consider how
various levels might be helped, harmed, or unaffected. Must explain impact on at least two different trophic levels.
African Grassland Food Web
Cheetah
Leopar
Lion
Hunting dog
Glraffe
Impala
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Grames
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Explain why there are differences in the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.
Explain what happens to the energy which is not transferred to the next trophic level in a food chain when one organism feeds on another.
Chapter 52 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 52 - 1. What is niche differentiation?
a. the evolution...Ch. 52 - 2. The relationship between ants and treehoppers...Ch. 52 - 3. What is one advantage of inducible defenses?
a....Ch. 52 - Pioneer species tend to have high ________ and...Ch. 52 - Cite an example to explain why species...Ch. 52 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 52 - What is a disturbance? Consider the role of fire...Ch. 52 - 8. MODEL Draw a vertical food chain (part of a...Ch. 52 - You are a walking, talking community that includes...Ch. 52 - 10. Suppose that a two-acre lawn on your college’s...
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- A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: What can be deduced about the center of the circle?arrow_forwardIndentify the correct food web for each question. Which type of food web cycles materials and moves energy into and out of the community? Grazing Which type of food web is dominant in Central Park's forests and pond? Detrital Which food web includes humans? Grazingarrow_forwardSupport this with evidence: In this food web model, plants A, B and C are the autotrophic organisms that serve as the producers of the food web model. The herbivores A, B and C serve as the primary consumers meanwhile the omnivores A and B serve as the secondary consumers of this model. Then, the last level is the top predator. To describe the model formulated, the populations of these organisms, in a particular ecosystem, was recorded over a period of 61 days. It is observed that at Day 0, the plant populations are the highest, which is around 5000. The herbivore populations are found in a range of 2000-3000 and the omnivore populations can be seen to be below 1000. With gradual increase in the number of days, we can see here that the food chain is coming into play. The green plants are being consumed by the herbivores, leading to fluctuations in the plant populations. The herbivores are, in turn, being consumed by the omnivores. We can see that with increasing time, only…arrow_forward
- DRAW IT In the Chesapeake Bay estuary, the blue crab is anomnivore that eats eelgrass and other primary producers as wellas clams. It is also a cannibal. In turn, the crabs are eaten byhumans and by the endangered Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle. Basedon this information, draw a food web that includes the bluecrab. Assuming that the top-down model holds for this system,describe what would happen to the abundance of eelgrass ifhumans stopped eating blue crabs.arrow_forwardhttps://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/exploring-trophic-cascades create a case study based on additional research into other examples of trophic cascades. describe and illustrate how changes in an organismal population can have unintended effects on trophic levels or ecosystems. Identify the organisms and nutrients (if applicable) that are present in your trophic pyramid. Describe the normal flow of your trophic cascade along with whether removal or introduction of the organism has a positive or negative effect on other organisms or nutrient levels within an ecosystem.arrow_forwardWith reference to a self- constructed food web, outline the series of interactive mechanisms that make marine ecosystem self- sustaining and an open systemarrow_forward
- Food webs are helpful diagrams to understand the relationships of organisms within a biological community. Answer the following questions using the food web below. Baleen whale Smaller toothed Sperm whale whales Penguins Elephant seal Leopard seal Other birds Fish Other seals Squid Krill Other herbivorous zooplankton Carnivorous zooplankton Phytoplankton Which of the following can be a secondary consumer? squid other seals krill herbivorous zooplankton fish other birds elephant sealarrow_forwardThe chapter describes the research conducted by ecologist Bob Paine. When Paine was in graduate school, the general thinking among ecologists was that world was organized into trophic levels that make up a food chain, and that control biological communities was via food chains from the "bottom up". What does "bottom up" control mean? CLICK ALL THAT APPLY. Each trophic level limits or regulates the next higher trophic level. In other words, plants limit herbivores, and herbivores limit predators. Predators are just passengers in a biological community, having little effect. Primary producers have little effect on a biological community. The largest impacts are the secondary consumers. The amount of primary production (plants) food available controlled the biological community. Primary producers have little effect on a biological community. The largest impacts are the predators. The amount of food available for predators controlled the whole community.arrow_forwardA conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Why does the organism’s interaction appear in an oscillating pattern? What does it suggest?arrow_forward
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