Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 52, Problem 13PIAT
Deer are hosts of ticks but are not reservoirs of B. burgdorferi— their immune systems detect and kill the bacterium. But a tick with a prior bacterial infection can consume a blood meal from a deer and then bite and infect a human. The fitness effects of a deer on B. burgdorferi can be summarized as:
a. + because the deer supplies the bacterium with food.
b. – because the deer kills the bacteria in its blood.
c. + because the deer feeds and disperses the tick that can then infect a human with the bacterium.
d. – or + depending on whether the deer is the tick’s last host.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
. Fig 4.1 shows the number of deaths from TB and the number of new cases of TB from 1925 to2010 in Canada.
The vaccine for TB was introduced in Canada for widespread use from 1948.Antibiotics, such as streptomycin, were introduced in Canada from 1940.Use the information in Fig. 4.1 to comment on the effect of the introduction of the vaccine andantibiotics on the number of new cases and deaths from TB. ……………………………………………………………………………
please solve max 15-20 minutes and no reject thank u
In a study on the ecological impact of malarial infection in the lizard Scelopons occidentalis, researchers caught 15 lizards with the malarial parasite Plasmodium and
15 without. Researchers measured the distance (meters) each lizard could run in two minutes (as a measure of stamina).
The following is the code and R output from the "t.test" function.
t.test (x=infected, y=uninfected)
Welch Two Sample t-test
data:
infected and uninfected
t = -1.9658, df = 27.239, p-value = 0.05959
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-10.9523489
0.2323489
sample estimates: mean of x mean of y
26.87333
32.23333
The confidence interval includes the value of 0, therefore we conclude that:
a. The difference between the treatment and the placebo is positive
b. There is no difference between the treatment and the placebo
OC. The difference between the treatment and the placebo is negative
Od. There is a difference between the treatment and the…
Many fish purchased and consumed by humans are bred and raised in fish farms. The
fish on a farm can be infected by parasites called sea lice, which are small
crustaceans that feed on a fish's blood and skin, which may injure or even kill the
fish.
Jansen and colleagues (2012) analyzed sea lice infections on trout and salmon farms.
Fish farms provided data on the numbers of sea lice found on their captive fish. The
scientists compared the number of sea lice with the "local farmed fish biomass
density," which is a measure of population density that accounts for both the number
and biomass (or size) of fish on a farm. Other research has also found a relationship
between sea lice infestation and mortality.
From this figure and information, how does density of fish on a farm affect the
number of sea lice per fish? What type of factor is regulating the size of farmed fish
populations and population growth?
100
200
300
400
Local farmed fish biomass density
(metric tons)
3.
2.
Sea lice counts
Chapter 52 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 52 - 1. What is niche differentiation?
a. the evolution...Ch. 52 - 2. The relationship between ants and treehoppers...Ch. 52 - 3. What is one advantage of inducible defenses?
a....Ch. 52 - Pioneer species tend to have high ________ and...Ch. 52 - Cite an example to explain why species...Ch. 52 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 52 - What is a disturbance? Consider the role of fire...Ch. 52 - 8. MODEL Draw a vertical food chain (part of a...Ch. 52 - You are a walking, talking community that includes...Ch. 52 - 10. Suppose that a two-acre lawn on your college’s...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- John Smith is a pig farmer. For the past five years, Smith has been adding vitamins and low doses of antibiotics to his pig food; he says that these supplements enhance the growth of the pigs. Within the past year, however, several of his pigs died from infections of common bacteria, which failed to respond to large doses of antibiotics. Can you explain the increased rate of mortality due to infection in Smith’s pigs? What advice might you offer Smith to prevent this problem in the future?arrow_forwardThere are two tests for a disease, one is rapid and the other is slow. Given that an individual is infected, the rapid test will register positive 40% of the time, while the slow test will register positive 80% of the time; additionally, both tests will be positive 35% of the time. Suppose in the above example that people not infected always test negative for both tests. Suppose in the above example that people not infected always test negative for both tests. 5. Of the people in the population who are tested, 75% of their results from the slow test are positive. What is the chance that a persons has the virus conditioned on getting negative result on the slow test?arrow_forwardDuring this outbreak, some people sickened with listeriosis testedpositive for Listeria monocytogenes in their bloodstream, but a DNAprofile of the bacterium showed that it was not the outbreak strain.What likely conclusion can be drawn from this information?a. It is a false positive. b. The person is not part of the outbreak.c. Listeria monocytogenes mutates frequently, making DNAprofiling unreliable.d. The person has already begun to recover from the disease.arrow_forward
- A scientists collects strains of a virus from three different years: 2020, 2021, and 2022. The virus is introduced into populations of lab rats, and the mortality rate is measured for each strain. The rat populations are genetically identical. Mortality caused by the infections is 50% in the case of the 2020 virus, 40% for the 2021 virus and 30% for the 2022 virus; these differences are statistically significant. What conclusion can you draw from this experiment? Virulence has evolved to lower levels. Virulence has evolved to higher levels. Rates have evolved greater resistance to the virus. None of these conclusions can be drawn from these data.arrow_forwardThere are concerns about overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, and the association of these with increased antibiotic resisstance in bacteria. Of the following, which best explains this? Antibiotic exposure directly causes many of bacterial in a population to mutate and develop new antibiotic resistance traits. If antibiotic use occurs repeatedly in a person, the dosage of the drug needs to be increased to work in a patient’s system because he/she will develop physiological tolerance to the antibiotic. Exposure to an antibiotic causes bacteria to die or become stronger; stronger bacteria will be better able to cope with additional exposures to any antibiotic drug, eventually becoming immune to all antibiotics. Antibiotics kill susceptible cells and even a small number of existing resistant bacteria that survive will become the majority of the population that remains, leading to populations that are resistant to this drug.arrow_forwardProbiotic bacteria in the human large intestine (also known as “the colon”): a. have an optimal population growth rate (population doubling time) b. digest food materials, such as dietary fiber (cellulose) that the human digestive system cannot digest c. produce substances that inhibit the growth of detrimental bacteria d. include the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum e. produce anti-inflammatory compounds such as short-chain fatty acidsarrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A flu vaccine is needed seasonally to be effective but a polio vaccine is only needed once. The best explanation of this is a. Flu vaccine is substantially weaker than the polio vaccine. b. The polio virus is substantially weaker than the flu virus. c. Exposure to flu vaccine produces no memory cells from proliferating B lymphocytes. d. The flu has several strains that change seasonally.arrow_forwardResearchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? Day Number of Resistant Bacteria in the Culture 1 5 2 59 3 677 4 32,456 The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered the antibiotic. A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forwardThe Escherichia coli bacteria produces an enzyme that can inactivate β-lactam antibiotics. By contrast, the Salmonella enterica bacteria is killed by β-lactam antibiotics. When a community contains both types of bacteria, fewer of the Salmonella entericabacteria are killed. This is an example of The Escherichia coli bacteria produces an enzyme that can inactivate β-lactam antibiotics. By contrast, the Salmonella enterica bacteria is killed by β-lactam antibiotics. When a community contains both types of bacteria, fewer of the Salmonella enterica bacteria are killed. This is an example of a. Exposure protection b. Gene Mutation c. Protection mediated by interspecies communication d. Vulnerability due to cross feedingarrow_forward
- You are testing whether or not there is a difference between the weights of healthy mice, and those infected with the mouse equivalent of COVID-19. You notice that the sick mice tend to have lower weight. To see if this is statistically significant, you run a t-test. What are your null and alternative hypotheses? Choose the best answer. O a. Null: Slck mice have lower weights than healthy mice; Alternative: There is no difference between the groups O b. Null: There is no difference between the groups; Alternative: There is a difference between the groups c. Null: Sick mice have higher weights than healthy mice; Alternative: Sick mice have lower weights than healthy mice O d. There is no difference between the groups; Alternative: Sick mice have higher weights than healthy micearrow_forwardPolio (poliomyelitis) is a serious disease that either kills or paralyzes a large number of people (especially children) before the development of the vaccine. The first vaccine against polio was developed by the American doctor Dr. Salk in the 1950s. The effectiveness of the vaccine was studied using the following experimental setup: 400,000 elementary school children from grades 1, 2, and 3 participated in the experiment. 200,000 children were vaccinated and 200,000 children were not vaccinated. For each child in the experiment, a coin was flipped. If the result of the flip was heads, the child was placed in the treatment group and received the vaccine injection. If the result was tails, the child was placed in the control group and received a placebo injection (dummy vaccine). The health status of the children was then monitored over a certain period. The children participating in the experiment, their parents, the doctors who administered the injections, and the doctors who…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a factor in the rise of drug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii?a. It is very widespread in many habitats.b. It has acquired greater toxicity.c. It readily acquires genetic material from other species.d. The hospital environment brings together vulnerable patients anddrugs.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBasic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...NursingISBN:9781285244662Author:WhitePublisher:Cengage
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...
Nursing
ISBN:9781285244662
Author:White
Publisher:Cengage
Infectious Diseases - How do we control them?; Author: Let's Learn Public Health;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JWku3Kjpq0;License: Standard Youtube License