Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5.1, Problem 1MQ
Define the term generation. What is meant by the term generation time?
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You were tasked to conduct a population genetic survey of a diploid insect population. You obtained tissue samples from 20 individuals, ran a starch gel electrophoresis, and stained the gel for lactate dehydrogenase. Below is the result of your gel electrophoresis. You found that there are three alleles and you decided to call them F, M, and S for their fast, medium, and slow mobility on the gel.
please explain this in deep.
1) What is the M allele frequency in this population?
A) 0.05 b) 0.25 c) 0.30 d) 0.4 e) 0.5
2)Following up the previous question, what is the observed SS genotype frequency in this population?
a) 0.1 b) 0.2 3) 0.3 4) 0.4 5) 0.5
Give the equation that describes exponential growth and explainwhat the terms in the equation mean.
Trace the route of the nutrients NH4+, NO3-, and PO43-, carried by river runoff to a seagrass ecosystem. Indicate the specific process involved (e.g., nitrification, denitrification, etc.) and the chemical form (e.g., NH4+, NO2-, etc) at each step of transformation. Write your (short) answers in the numbered blanks below each illustration.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Define the term generation. What is meant by the...Ch. 5.1 - How do binary fission and budding cell division...Ch. 5.1 - How does the biofilm growth mode differ from that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.2 - What is a semilogarithmic plot and what...Ch. 5.2 - For an exponentially growing culture that...Ch. 5.2 - For testing a bacteriums response to a toxic...Ch. 5.2 - How is the generation time (g) of an exponentially...Ch. 5.3 - In which phase of the growth curve do cells divide...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.3 - Describe the growth cycle of a population of...Ch. 5.4 - How do microorganisms in a chemostat differ from...Ch. 5.4 - What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate...Ch. 5.4 - Do pure cultures have to be used in a chemostat?Ch. 5.4 - How does a chemostat regulate growth rate and cell...Ch. 5.5 - Why would a complex culture medium for Leuconostoc...Ch. 5.5 - In which medium shown in Table 5.1, defined or...Ch. 5.5 - What is meant by the word sterile? Why is aseptic...Ch. 5.5 - How many cells could be present in a single...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.6 - What are some of the problems that can arise when...Ch. 5.6 - Using microscopic techniques, how could you tell...Ch. 5.6 - Are total cell counts useful if one does not know...Ch. 5.7 - Why is a viable count more sensitive than a...Ch. 5.7 - Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.7 - How does a viable count differ from a total count?Ch. 5.8 - List two advantages of using turbidity as a...Ch. 5.8 - Describe how you could use a turbidity measurement...Ch. 5.8 - How can turbidity be used as a measure of cell...Ch. 5.9 - How does a hyperthermophile differ from a...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.9 - E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a...Ch. 5.9 - Examine the graph in Figure 5.17. Why is the...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.10 - What molecular adaptations to cold temperatures...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.11 - Which phylogenetic domain includes species with...Ch. 5.11 - How does the membrane structure of...Ch. 5.11 - What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?Ch. 5.11 - How do cells of hyperthermophiles prevent heat...Ch. 5.12 - How does the concentration of H+ change when a...Ch. 5.12 - What terms are used to describe organisms whose...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.12 - Concerning the pH of the environment and of the...Ch. 5.13 - What is the aw of pure water? What is the lower...Ch. 5.13 - What are compatible solutes, and when and why are...Ch. 5.13 - How does a halophile maintain positive water...Ch. 5.14 - How does an obligate aerobe differ from a...Ch. 5.14 - How does a reducing agent work? Give an example of...Ch. 5.14 - How does Superoxide dismutase or superoxide...Ch. 5.14 - Contrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe...Ch. 5.15 - Why is heat an effective sterilizing agent?Ch. 5.15 - What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility...Ch. 5.15 - Distinguish between the sterilization of...Ch. 5.15 - Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimal...Ch. 5.16 - Define D10 and explain why the killing dose for...Ch. 5.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.17 - Distinguish between the antimicrobial effects of...Ch. 5.17 - Describe how the minimum inhibitory concentration...Ch. 5.17 - Distinguish between a sterilant, a disinfectant,...Ch. 5.17 - Describe the procedure for obtaining the minimum...Ch. 5 - A medium was inoculated with 5 106 cells/ml of...Ch. 5 - Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will...Ch. 5 - In which direction (into or out of the cell) will...
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- Match the model organism with the generation time 3 day generation time at room temperature v Choose... Mus musculus 8 week generation time Caenorhabditis elegans 10 day generation time at room temperature Escherichia coli Drosophila melanogaster Arabidopsis thaliana Saccharomyces cerivisiae divides in 90 minutes under optimal conditions divides in 20 minutes under optimal conditions Choose... 6 week generation time Choose...arrow_forwardLooking at the chart, Tell: a) What is (are) the indepednent variables? Which is the appropriate axis for this variable? b) What is the dependent variable? Which is the appropriate axis for this variable? c) Choose an appropriate scale and label the x and y axes. Should you use a legend? If so, what would this include?arrow_forwardThe height of a certain population of corn plants follow a normal distribution with mean 145 cm and standard deviation 22 cm. a) What percentage of the plants are between 135 and 155 cm tall?b) Suppose we were to choose at random from the population a large number of samples of 16 plants each. In what percentage of the samples would he sample mean height between 135 and 155 cm?c) If Ŷ represents the mean height of a random sample of 36 plants from the population, what is P{ 135<=Ŷ <=155}?arrow_forward
- British colonists of North America brought beer yeasts with them when they settled in North America about 400 years ago. Over the course of hundreds of years, the beer yeasts of North American and of Britain became different in terms of their genetic characteristics. Also, the flavors and characteristics of beers from the two nations became different due to metabolic differences in the yeasts active in their fermentation process. Pick two explanations of these differences: In case you aren't familiar with the homebrew type beer making process that would have been used at this point in history. A rich broth of malted barely and other carbon sources are inoculated with a small amount of live yeast/bacteria from a previous batch of beer (called pitching). This inoculated broth is incubated to support fermentation, which produces alcohol and other compounds that contribute to beer flavor. A very small amount of the live cells in this final product will be used to inoculate the next batch…arrow_forwardTrace the route of the nutrients NH PO 3- carried by river runoff to a seagrass ecosystem. Indicate the specific process involved (e.g., nitrification, denitrification, etc.) and the chemical form (e.g., NH +, NO -, etc) at each step of transformation. Write your (short) answers in the numbered blanks below each illustration.arrow_forwardA mouse genetics lab created a new mutant strain, and they noticed interesting behavioral and physiological differences in the mutant mice. Run two different databases: Running Duration and Body Mass and follow the interactive to graph the data. What best describes the physiology and behavior of the mutant mice? Check all that apply a) Overall, the mutant mice are heavier than the wildtype mice b) More than half the mutant mice were in the two lighter weight bins. c)The male wildtype mice ran more minutes than the mutant male mice. d) Both male and female mutant mice ran more minutes than wildtype mice. e) The mutants showed heavier weight and lower running activity.arrow_forward
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