Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 50, Problem 3ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The defect that has more than twice the risk in the multiple-birth group in comparison to the single-birth group.
Introduction:
In Florida, from the year 1996 to 2000, a study was conducted on live births. This study was made on the risk factor of birth defects in children born per 10,000 live births. It was observed that the birth defects had a higher risk value in the multiple-birth group. The prevalence of these birth defects was comparatively lower in the single-birth group.
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Data:Total Births: 2,700 Low Birth Weight: 264Mothers with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 92Mothers with low birth weight with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 21Mothers with previous HTN: 18Mothers with low birth weight with previous HT: 15
A) Global or absolute risk of low birth weight.B) Relative risk for the factor "inter-gestational interval < 12 months". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether there is an association or not and express it accordingly.C) Relative risk for the factor "mothers with previous HTN". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether or not there is an association and express it accordingly.D) In the case of the factors in which you consider, according to the results obtained, that there is an association, calculate the Attributable Risk (AR) and the Etiological Risk Fraction (ERF), expressing in both cases their significance.
A primigravida at 43 weeks’ gestation was admitted for labor induction by IV Pitocin therapy 3 hours ago. On observation on the external monitor tracing, the nurse notes that with the last two contractions, the fetal heart rate decreased after the contraction peak and returned to baseline after the contraction ended. A decrease in variability is also noted.
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Pregnant women are exposed to some physiological and psychological changes during the prenatal period. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of age factor on these physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy. The study included all adolescent (15-18 years) adult (19-34 years) and advanced age (35 years and above) pregnant women who applied to the clinic for 8 months in March 2003, and a total of n = 150 pregnant women, n = 50 from each group, were included in the study. is included. The research is planned as descriptive comparative. In the findings, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in fatigue, frequent urination and respiratory distress compared to age groups (p <0.05). As a result of the study, it was revealed that age is not an important factor in both physiological and psychological changes of pregnant women.
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.5 - Prob. 1SB
Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 50 - In the development of the female sex organs: a....Ch. 50 - In the embryonic development of the eye: a. the...Ch. 50 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 50 - Discuss Concepts Experimentally, it is possible to...Ch. 50 - Discuss Concepts Developmental biologist Lewis...Ch. 50 - Discuss Concepts Arguably, in sexually reproducing...Ch. 50 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardWhat are the risk factors that led to the death of a pregnant woman who had three delays in a rural area?arrow_forwardPreviously, birth control methods involving hormones were created only for females. However, a new form of hormonal contraceptive has been developed for males. The contraceptive involves a monthly injection of the hormone testosterone. Testosterone injections showed a 99% efficacy in preventing pregnancy. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the expected levels for the hormones involved in the production of sperm and the hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone in a male receiving testosterone injections, respectively? Select one: a. Sperm Production Testosterone Production Low FSH Low LH b. Sperm Production Testosterone Production Low LH Low FSH c. Sperm Production Testosterone Production High FSH High LH d. Sperm Production Testosterone Production High LH High FSHarrow_forward
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