IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: IUPAC nomenclature : Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name. Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers. Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix. Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose. Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes . The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers. Carboxylic acid : One − O H group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O O H The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

Question

Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

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Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the root name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Aldehyde: One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCHO.

The IUPAC name for the aldehyde is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘al’.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkene to ‘oic acid’.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the given alkene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

Ketone: Ketone is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by a carbonyl group. It is represented as RC(=O)R'.

The IUPAC name for the ketone is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘one’.

Answer 14

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Ch. 5.1 - Calculate the index of hydrogen deficiency for...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5.2 - Write the IUPAC name of each alkene. (a) (b)Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Predict all approximate bond angles about each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the IUPAC nomenclature for the given alkene.

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