Chapter 5, Problem 5.18CP

What is the geometry around the central atom in each of the following molecular models?

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom in each of the given molecular models has to be given.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR model:

• Valance Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of the molecules by the electronic structure of its atoms.
• Electrons that are involved in bonds and in lone pairs of electrons should be thought like occupying “charge clouds” or regions of electron density.
• These region of electron density can repel one another and stay as much as possible and results to assume specific shapes.

Rules to predict the shapes of molecules by VSEPR model:

• Write electron-dot structure of the given molecule.
• Count the number of electron charge clouds surrounding the central atom.
• Determine the geometric arrangement of charge clouds surround the each atom and assume its charge clouds can be oriented in the space as far away from one to another as possible.

Explanation of Solution

According to the VSEPR model, a geometry having chemical species with 6 electron domains or electron cloud surrounding the central atom and also have 5 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair of electron in the chemical molecule with bond angle of ${90}^{\circ }({84.8}^{\circ }){180}^{\circ }$  is square pyramidal.

Hence, the given molecular model indicates square pyramidal geometry.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom in each of the given molecular models has to be given.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR model:

• Valance Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of the molecules by the electronic structure of its atoms.
• Electrons that are involved in bonds and in lone pairs of electrons should be thought like occupying “charge clouds” or regions of electron density.
• These region of electron density can repel one another and stay as much as possible and results to assume specific shapes.

Rules to predict the shapes of molecules by VSEPR model:

• Write electron-dot structure of the given molecule.
• Count the number of electron charge clouds surrounding the central atom.
• Determine the geometric arrangement of charge clouds surround the each atom and assume its charge clouds can be oriented in the space as far away from one to another as possible.

Explanation of Solution

According to the VSEPR model, a geometry having chemical species with 4 electron domains or electron cloud surrounding the central atom and also have 3 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair of electron in the chemical molecule with bond angle of ${109.5}^{\circ }({107}^{\circ })$ is trigonal pyramidal.

Hence, the given molecular model indicates trigonal pyramidal geometry.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom in each of the given molecular models has to be given.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR model:

• Valance Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of the molecules by the electronic structure of its atoms.
• Electrons that are involved in bonds and in lone pairs of electrons should be thought like occupying “charge clouds” or regions of electron density.
• These region of electron density can repel one another and stay as much as possible and results to assume specific shapes.

Rules to predict the shapes of molecules by VSEPR model:

• Write electron-dot structure of the given molecule.
• Count the number of electron charge clouds surrounding the central atom.
• Determine the geometric arrangement of charge clouds surround the each atom and assume its charge clouds can be oriented in the space as far away from one to another as possible.

Explanation of Solution

According to the VSEPR model, a geometry having chemical species with 6 electron domains or electron cloud surrounding the central atom and also have 4 bonding electron pairs and 2 lone pairs of electron in the chemical molecule with bond angle of ${90}^{\circ },{180}^{\circ }$ is square planar.

Hence, the given molecular model indicates square planar geometry.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom in each of the given molecular models has to be given.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR model:

• Valance Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of the molecules by the electronic structure of its atoms.
• Electrons that are involved in bonds and in lone pairs of electrons should be thought like occupying “charge clouds” or regions of electron density.
• These region of electron density can repel one another and stay as much as possible and results to assume specific shapes.

Rules to predict the shapes of molecules by VSEPR model:

• Write electron-dot structure of the given molecule.
• Count the number of electron charge clouds surrounding the central atom.
• Determine the geometric arrangement of charge clouds surround the each atom and assume its charge clouds can be oriented in the space as far away from one to another as possible.

Explanation of Solution

According to the VSEPR model, a geometry having chemical species with 3 electron domains or electron cloud surrounding the central atom and also have 3 bonding electron pairs in the chemical molecule with bond angle of ${\text{120}}^{\text{ο}}$ is trigonal planar.

Hence, the given molecular model indicates trigonal planar geometry.