Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 4A
How much ATP could be obtained from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose? From one molecule of butterfat containing one glycerol and three 12-carbon chains?
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Why is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) an important step in glycolysis? How is the isomerization of F6P back into G6P prevented?
How many ATP are produced from a triglyceride containing three 14 carbon fatty acids?
NOTE: Assume that glycerol is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (step 6 of glycolysis).
During glycolysis (under
anaerobic conditions), for each
glucose molecule broken down,
how many ATP molecules are
used and how many are made in
total? A diagram summarizing the
different reactions of glycolysis is
given below.
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
2 (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate
2 (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate)
2 (3-Phosphoglycerate)
2 (2-Phosphoglycerate)
2 H₂O
2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate)
2 (Pyruvate)
2 NAD+ + 2Pi
2 NADH + 2H
2 ADP
2 ATP
-2 ADP
2 ATP
2 ATP molecules are used and 2
ATP molecules are made
2 ATP molecules are used and 4
ATP molecules are made
O 6 ATP molecules are used and no
ATP molecules are made
O 4 ATP molecules are used and 2
ATP molecules are made
O No ATP molecules are used and
6 ATP molecules are made
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCh. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...
Ch. 5 - Which substance in the following reaction is being...Ch. 5 - Which of the following reactions produces the most...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - Which of the following compounds has the greatest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use...Ch. 5 - Which culture produces the most ATP? Use the...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses NAD+? Use the following choices...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses the most glucose? Use the...Ch. 5 - Explain why, even under ideal conditions,...Ch. 5 - The following graph shows the normal rate of...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast carbohydrate catabolism and...Ch. 5 - How much ATP could be obtained from the complete...Ch. 5 - The chemoautotroph Acidithiobacillus can obtain...Ch. 5 - Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor)...Ch. 5 - The drug Hivid, also called ddC, inhibits DNA...Ch. 5 - The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to...
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- Which of the selected phosphate group hydrolysis reactions listed in the table below can NOT be productively coupled to the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate? Free energy of hydrolysis for certain phosphate bonds Compound kcal/ mol-1 Phosphoenolpyruvate -14.8 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate -11.8 Creatine phosphate -10.3 ATP (to ADP) -7.3 Glucose 1-phosphate -5 Pyrophosphate -4.6 Glucose 6-phosphate -3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate -2.2 ATP hydrolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis.arrow_forwardIn which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis? Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglycerate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate 2-Phosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardIf there are 3 molecules of glucose, how many molecules of pyruvic acid are produced after glycolysis?arrow_forward
- How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal of free energy and the useful chemical energy available in the high- energy phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP is 12 kcal?arrow_forwardWhich reaction is irreversible? oxidized glutathione + NADPH + H+ → reduced glutathione + NADP+ ribulose 5-phosphate → ribose 5-phosphate glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ → 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone + NADPH + H+ sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + glyceraldehyde 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate + erythrose 4-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate → xylulose 5-phosphatearrow_forwardconsider the following fatty acid: ch3-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2=ch-cooh. in terms of reducing equivalents, how much energy will it yield upon complete oxidation of co2? - 4 molecules of NADH and 4 molecules of FADH2 -4 molecules of NADH and 3 moleculs of FADH2 - 19 molecules of NADH and 8 molecules of FADH2 - 5 molecules of NADH and 8 molecules of FADH2 - 19 molecules of NADH and 9 molecules of FADH2arrow_forward
- Complete catabolism of one glucose molecule yields 38 ATP molecules. How many moles of ATP are produced by the complete catabolism of 10 moles of glucose?arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules controls the metabolic flow through both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? fructose-2,6-bisphosphate O pyruvate O 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate O Glucose-6-phosphate O lactic acid O citrate Which of the following enzymes plays a role in controlling the the half-life of CGMP? O CGMP phosphodiesterase O CGMP phosphatase O CGMP half-life controlling enzyme O CGMP kinase O CGMP phosphorylasearrow_forwarda) Describe the structure of a glycogen molecule. (you can explain without drawing) b) List the three enzymes involved in glycogen degradation and describe the type of reactions they catalyze c) Fill in the numbered blanks in the figure which is the list the source and fates of glucose-6- phosphate. Glycogen pentose phosphate pathway Glucose-6-phosphate Ribose-G-phosphate Glucose glycolysis 3 Amino acida |Lactate Citric acid cyclearrow_forward
- Match each reaction with its standard free‑energy change.arrow_forwardXylose has the same structure as that of glucose except that it has a hydrogen atom at G-5 in place of a hydroxymethyl group. The rate of ATP hydrolysis by hexokinase is markedly enhanced by the addition of xylose. Why?arrow_forwardIn which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis? Phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate 2-Phosphoglycerate —> Phosphoenolpyruvate Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatearrow_forward
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