Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 8R
Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation. On Figure 5.16, mark the following using the appropriate letter:
- a. the acidic side of the membrane
- b. the side with a positive electrical charge
- c. potential energy
- d. kinetic energy
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Define the following terms:a. cofactorb. coenzymec. apoenzymed. holoenzymee. velocity
Choose the correct answer:
1- How does ETC lead to ATP synthesis:
A) Hydrogen ions diffuse from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase.B) Hydrogens jump from the inner membrane to the outer membrane and out through ATP synthase.C) Hydrogens diffuse from the intermembrane space to the outer membrane through ATPase.D) Protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space through ATP synthase.
2- TCA cycle occurs in aerobic respiration because :
A) Oxygen has a catalytic functionB) Oxygen is a reactantC) Electron transport chain requires aerobic conditions to operate.
D) All of the above.
It is essential for the cells in plants and animals to have an adequate supply of oxygen. Explain what the oxygen is needed for in the cells? (Be as specific as possible.)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCh. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...
Ch. 5 - Which substance in the following reaction is being...Ch. 5 - Which of the following reactions produces the most...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - Which of the following compounds has the greatest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use...Ch. 5 - Which culture produces the most ATP? Use the...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses NAD+? Use the following choices...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses the most glucose? Use the...Ch. 5 - Explain why, even under ideal conditions,...Ch. 5 - The following graph shows the normal rate of...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast carbohydrate catabolism and...Ch. 5 - How much ATP could be obtained from the complete...Ch. 5 - The chemoautotroph Acidithiobacillus can obtain...Ch. 5 - Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor)...Ch. 5 - The drug Hivid, also called ddC, inhibits DNA...Ch. 5 - The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to...
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- For items 18 - 21 choose the letter of the best answer. No need to write the explanations.arrow_forwardchoose the correct answer: 1- Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free-energy change) can occur because the reactions: A) May be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.B) Are catalyzed by enzymesC) Are aided by various metal ions that act as catalystsD) Take place when the cells are at unusually high temperatures>E) Take place very slowly. 2- ATP synthesis is powered by: A) proton gradient.B) GTP hydrolysis.C) cAMP.D)Coenzyme motive force.arrow_forwardDrawn on the picture is a skeletal muscle cell. It is surrounded by extracellular fluid high in oxygen, which has come from blood in a nearby capillary. The concentrations (measured as pressure) of oxygen (in units of millimeters of mercury) in the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid (ECF) are given. A. Is ATP required for this transport process to occur? Explain why or why not. B. Consider only the oxygen levels present in the cytoplasm and ECF as shown in the drawing above (no new oxygen is entering the region; no oxygen is leaving). What will the concentration of oxygen in the cytoplasm be when equilibrium is reached?arrow_forward
- using the cell potential table found in the Reference Material, why do you get holes in your aluminum foil if you use it to cover lasagna in a steel pan? Hint: Steel is made up of mostly iron and lasagna serves as an acidic medium.arrow_forwardATP is utilized in a variety of reactions in the cell. Research and describe two specific reactions that utilize ATP. One of them must be a process involving transport across membranes. The second must be a process involving metabolism, and utilizing an enzyme (name the enzyme). Explain how ATP is used and why it is needed in the two processes described.arrow_forwardFor each of the four possibilities listed below (a through d), only one answer is correct and the others are false. Identify the correct statement and explain why the others are false. In your answer, write CORRECT next to the statement that you think is true, and ONLY for the ones that you think are false, explain what is wrong with the statement . When glucose reacts with ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate (as shown on the figure below): 1. The synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate is exergonic 2. ADP is at a higher energy level than ATP 3. Glucose-6-phosphate is at a higher energy level than glucose 4. Because ATP donates a phosphate to glucose, this is not a coupled reactionarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following processes would be expected to involve the conversion of ATP to ADP or the conversion of ADP to ATP. a) Heart muscle contraction b) transport of nutrients to various locations in the bodyarrow_forwardAs electrons move from Complex I & II to Complex IV, H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space. Describe how these ions are then used to generate ATP using the following terms: ATP synthase, ADP, ATP, electrochemical gradient, chemiosmosis, intermembrane space, matrix.arrow_forwardComplete the table ATP Yield from Anaerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule)arrow_forward
- Discuss the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production.arrow_forwardComplete an enlargement of part of the thylakoid membrane in the beaker with the solution at pH 8. Label the areas of high H+ concentration and low H+ concentration. Show the reaction where ATP is synthesized. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.arrow_forwardATP synthase is composed of two oligomeric proteins, F and F₁. What is the function and purpose of each protein complex?arrow_forward
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