Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 5, Problem 3S
The distribution of lipids in the ER membrane is symmetric, that is, it is the same in both leaflets of the membrane. The Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane do not have symmetric distribution of membrane lipids. What kinds of processes could achieve this outcome?
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A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. What kind of protein do these properties define?
A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. Do you need to specify any additional properties to turn this protein into a symport that couples the movement of solute A up its concentration gradient to the movement of solute b down its electrochemical gradient?
Proteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lip- ids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 5.1 - Explain the fluid mosaic model of membrane...Ch. 5.2 - List the different components of phospholipids.Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 5.3 - Illustrate the functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 5.4 - Compare simple diffusion and facilitated...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 5.6 - Distinguish between endocytosis and exocytosis.Ch. 5.6 - Illustrate how endocytosis can be specific.Ch. 5 - According to the fluid mosaic model, membranes are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2IQCh. 5 - The fluid mosaic model of the membrane describes...Ch. 5 - What chemical property characterizes the interior...Ch. 5 - The transmembrane domain of an integral membrane...Ch. 5 - The specific function of a membrane within a cell...Ch. 5 - The movement of water across a membrane is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6UCh. 5 - Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for...Ch. 5 - A bacterial cell that can alter the composition of...Ch. 5 - What variable(s) influence(s) whether a nonpolar...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does NOT contribute to the...Ch. 5 - How are active transport and coupled transport...Ch. 5 - A cell can use the process of facilitated...Ch. 5 - figure 5.5 describes a classic experiment...Ch. 5 - Each compartment of the endomembrane system of a...Ch. 5 - The distribution of lipids in the ER membrane is...
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- Proteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lipids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma-membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell-surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forwardA scientist has noticed that the phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, displays an asymmetric distribution in the cell membrane. Where would you MOST likely predict to find a concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine? O In the cytosolic face of a transport vesicle leaving the trans Golgi network. In the cytosolic face of a transport vesicle leaving the endoplasmic reticulum. O In the non-cytosolic face of a late endosome fusing to the lysosome. O In the non-cytosolic face of a transport vesicle fusing to the plasma membrane.arrow_forwardA cell with a K+1 concentration of 0.3 eq/L, and a Na+1 concentration of 0.1 mol/L is placed into a solution with a K+1 concentration of 0.2 eq/L, and a Na+1 concentration of 0.2 mol/L. It is assumed that the K+1 and Na+1 can both pass through the cell membrane (the K+1 and Na+1 transport proteins are open). Answer the following true or false questions. 1. Diffusion of a solute through the membrane is called dialysis 2. K+1 will dialyze (diffuse) out of the cell 3. Na+1 will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell 4. Like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutesarrow_forward
- Endocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of [ ACTIVE / PASSIVE ] transport that [ DO / DO NOT ] require energy. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform a form of endocytosis. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform exocytosis. a) Name the 3 specific types of endocytosis. b) Exocytosis is considered the opposite/reverse process as? Pls helparrow_forwardas lipids are synthesized in the ER they are inserted into the cytoplasmic leaflet of the ER . Explain how the plasma membrane has an equal number of lipids in both leaflets but an asymmetric distribution of specific types of lipids and what is this distributionarrow_forwardThe figure above shows the organization of a protein that will eventually reside in the plasma membrane. The boxes labeled 1 and 2 represent membrane-spanning sequences and the arrow represents a site of action of signal peptidase. Which of the following statements must be TRUE about this protein? O a) Most of this protein will project from the cytosolic side of the membrane. O b) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane twice. c) This is a multi-pass membrane protein. O d) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane once.arrow_forward
- Gaucher disease, caused by the inhibited digestion of lipids, results in the accumulation of fatty acids within many organs in the body and leads to their subsequent dysfunction. Which of the following describes the most likely subcellular component and related process responsible for the development of Gaucher disease? A B с D Lysosomes contain insufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids. The Golgi complex produces vesicles with highly permeable membranes that cannot ef- fectively regulate the movement of particles. Mitochondria are not producing a sufficient amount of ATP required for the digestion of lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains an unusually high number of ribosomes, re- sulting in an overproduction of digestive enzymes.arrow_forwardThe average concentration of salt in seawater is about 3.5 percent and the average concen- tration of salt in the human cellular environment is about 0.9 percent. Drinking seawater can be fatally harmful and is highly discouraged even in the most severe cases of dehydration. Which of the following provides the most likely cause for this fact? A B с D The increase in salt concentration in the extracellular environment will increase the per- meability of the cell membrane. The increase in salt concentration in the extracellular environment will cause the move- ment of water into the cell. The increase in salt concentration in the extracellular environment will cause the move- ment of water out of the cell. The increase in salt concentration in the extracellular environment will decrease the per- meability of the cell membrane.arrow_forward"Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane", is true or false.arrow_forward
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