Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1E

Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

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When 15.00 mL of 3.00 M NaOH was mixed in a calorimeter with 12.80 mL of 3.00 M HCl, both initially at room temperature (22.00 C), the temperature increased to 29.30 C. The resultant salt solution had a mass of 27.80 g and a specific heat capacity of 3.74 J/Kg. What is heat capacity of the calorimeter (in J/C)? Note: The molar enthalpy of neutralization per mole of HCl is -55.84 kJ/mol.

When 15.00 mL of 3.00 M NaOH was mixed in a calorimeter with 12.80 mL of 3.00 M HCl, both initially at room temperature (22.00 C), the temperature increased to 29.30 C. The resultant salt solution had a mass of 27.80 g and a specific heat capacity of 3.74 J/Kg. What is heat capacity of the calorimeter (in J/C)? Note: The molar enthalpy of neutralization per mole of HCl is -55.84 kJ/mol. Which experimental number must be initialled by the Lab TA for the first run of Part 1 of the experiment? a) the heat capacity of the calorimeter b) Mass of sample c) Ti d) The molarity of the HCl e) Tf

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1E

Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1E

Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1E

Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The similarity and difference between s and p bonds is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

There are two types of bonds that are formed between the atoms-

a) Covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.

b) Ionic bond- When atoms gain/loss electrons and become ions, the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond.

Electron in atoms occupy atomic orbitals while in molecule, electrons occupy molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals and they can be bonding molecular orbitals and ant-bonding molecular orbitals.
The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to produce new molecular orbitals of equivalent energy is known as hybridization.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1E

Similarity-They both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping of the atomic orbitals.

Differences-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Sigma (s) bonds- It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the end to end overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 1

Pi (p)bonds -It is a type of covalent bond which is formed by the side wise overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the atoms involved in bonding.

Chemistry Atoms First2e, Chapter 5, Problem 1E , additional homework tip 2

Therefore, differences between sigma and pi bonds are-

s- bond	?-bond
Formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals.	Formed by the side-ways overlap of the atomic orbitals.
It can be formed by the overlap of s-s, s-p or p-p orbitals.	It can only be formed by the overlap of p orbitals
Oriented along the internuclear axis.	Oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Exists independently.	Exist along with sigma bond.
Stronger than pi-bond.	Weaker than sigma bond.
More reactive.	Less reactive.
Determines the shape of the molecule.	Does not determine the shape of the molecule.

Answer 14

Conclusion

However, the only similarity between these two are that they both are chemical covalent bonds and are formed by the overlapping the atomic orbitals, and the main difference is that sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of the atomic orbitals, whereas, pi bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals.

Answer 15

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Explain how Ïƒ and π bonds are similar and how they are different.

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Answer to Problem 1E

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 5 Solutions