Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 11SQ
What is feedback inhibition?
- (a) When the end product competitively inhibits the enzyme that produced it.
- (b) When the first enzyme in line shuts down because of a buildup in its substrate.
- (c) When an end product accumulates, it often binds to and inactivates the first enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction in the pathway.
- (d) It is a reversible noncompetitive inhibition that regulates the rate of many
metabolic pathways. - (e) c and d.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The active site of an enzyme is usually a groove or pocket on the surface that
A) binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
B) is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
C) is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.
In the metabolic pathway, A->B->C->D->E what effect would molecule E likely have on the enzyme that catalyzes A->B? (The answer is A. Could you justify the reason why the answer is A?)
a) Allosteric inhibitor
b)Allosteric activator
c) Competitive inhibitor
d) feedback activator
e) coenzyme
A competitive inhibitor diminishes the rate of catalysis:
A) By reducing the proportion of enzyme molecules bound to a substrate.
OB) By altering the shape of the active site of the enzyme
C) By binding to a regulatory subunit
D) By enhancing the interaction between enzyme and reaction product
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 5 - How are photosynthesis and respiration related to...Ch. 5 - What is the main difference between...Ch. 5 - Distinguish between coenzyme and cofactor. How are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2.2SCCh. 5 - Prob. 3.1SCCh. 5 - If four actual molecules of ATP are produced for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3.3SCCh. 5 - Prob. 3.4SCCh. 5 - Prob. 4.1SCCh. 5 - What is returned to chlorophyll in cyclic...
Ch. 5 - What were probably the first kind of...Ch. 5 - What type of metabolism is characteristic of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 5 - Suppose that you had a culture known to contain...Ch. 5 - In what sequence might the different kinds of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 5 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2SQCh. 5 - Prob. 3SQCh. 5 - Prob. 4SQCh. 5 - Prob. 5SQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SQCh. 5 - Prob. 8SQCh. 5 - All of the following statements about competitive...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10SQCh. 5 - What is feedback inhibition? (a) When the end...Ch. 5 - Which of the following is true regarding the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 13SQCh. 5 - Prob. 14SQCh. 5 - During aerobic cell respiration most of the energy...Ch. 5 - The typical end products of complete aerobic cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 17SQCh. 5 - The end products of photosynthesis in...Ch. 5 - Which of the following final electron acceptors is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20SQCh. 5 - Prob. 21SQ
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- a) What is the Steady State assumption; how does steady state differ from equilibrium? b) Transition state; what are two ways that enzymes can decrease the transition state energy?arrow_forwardExamine the figure below, which compares the energetics of a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction during the progress of the reaction from substrate (S) to product (P). The highest peak in such a diagram corresponds to the transition state, which is an unstable, high-energy arrangement of substrate atoms that is intermediate between substrate and product. The free energy required to surmount this barrier to the reaction is termed the activation energy. Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy, thereby allowing a more rapid approach to equilibrium. UNCATALYZED activation energy progress of reaction CATALYZED activation energy S ES | progress of reaction free energy free energyarrow_forwardMany biosynthetic pathways are regulated by feedback control, where the product of a pathway turns off an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway. Usually, this control comes from an allosteric interaction. Of the types of reversible enzyme inhibition (Competitive inhibition, Noncompetitive inhibition, and Uncompetitive inhibition), what type is most likely to occur in a feedback control mechanism like this and why?arrow_forward
- In an enzyme-catalyzed reversible reaction what happens when a) rate of change of enzyme-substrate complex concentration with time is positive b) rate of change of enzyme-substrate complex concentration with time is zero 9:0arrow_forwardExplain how the following mechanisms regulate enzyme activity.(a) Covalent modification (b) Genetic control(c) Allosteric regulation (d) Feedback inhibitionarrow_forwardThere are many metabolic pathways in a biological system, and it is critical to regulate these pathways so that only particular pathways are active at a single time. Which enzyme would be in the regulation point in the hypothetical pathway shown below. A¹B 2C 3 D4E A) A → B B) B-C C) C-D D) D→ E E) The regulation point is highly dependent upon the metabolic pathway.arrow_forward
- 3) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many other cell types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: S b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as the perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzym called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation:arrow_forwarda) Describe a specific chemical reaction that occurs within the human body and state the name of the enzyme involved, the substrate(s) of the reaction, and the specific product(s) formed. b) Enzymes are not used up in chemical reactions. So, what exactly does an enzyme do? In your answer you should refer to activation energy. c) Explain what is meant by the induced fit action of an enzyme, referring to the role of the active site, and to the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.arrow_forwardTherefore the role of the enzyme is to circle one: (regulate / speed up /inhibit) a reaction by circle one: (INCREASING / DECREASING) the Does the forward reaction require an input of cellular energy? circde one: (YES / NO) If yes, where does that energy come from? Does the forward reaction release energy? circle one: (YES / NO) If yes, what is that energy used to make? Is the activation energy provided by ATP circle one: (YES / NO). It is provided by physical strain on the bond from how the holds the c. The reverse reaction would be written as: Please select the correct letters from graph (a-e) to match the description for the reverse Activation energy without an enzyme. Activation energy with an enzyme. AG (change in free energy). reaction. Does the reverse reaction require an input of cellular energy (ATP) ? circle one: (YES / NO) If yes, where does that energy come from? Does the reverse reaction release energy? circle one: (YES / NO) If yes, what is that energy used to make?arrow_forward
- Which out of the following statements is true about the regulation of metabolic pathway? a) Most of the metabolic pathways are regulated b) Most of the metabolic pathways are not regulated c) Regulation of metabolic pathways always involves changing the amount of enzymes d) Metabolic regulation always depends on control by hormonesarrow_forwardAn inactive form of an enzyme becomes active after being phosphorylated. When glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate inhibits the reaction. A foreign substance is added to the reaction above. This substance binds to hexokinase and prevents its ability to catalyze the reaction.arrow_forward1. Shown below is a metabolic pathway: Es E E4 E1 E2 A - B - C - D E3 E6 Q- R – S E7 Es Suppose we have too much of "S" in the cell, please answer the following questions, with regards to feedback inhibition: a) Which enzyme is most likely to be regulated? b) Which substance will act as the 'regulator'? c) Name the "site" where this 'regulator' will bind to the enzyme: d) Is this substance (from #b), a homotropic or heterotropic modulator?arrow_forward
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