(a) Interpretation: The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated. Concept Introduction: Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons. Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond. Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom. Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule. The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom. A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement. In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

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.. Give the major organic product(s) for each of the following reactions or sequences of reactions. Show ll relevant stereochemistry [3 ONLY]. A H Br 1. NaCN 2 NaOH, H₂O, heat 3. H3O+ B. CH₂COOH 19000 1. LiAlH4 THF, heat 2 H₂O* C. CH Br 1. NaCN, acetone 2 H3O+, heat D. Br 1. Mg. ether 3. H₂O+ 2 CO₂ E. CN 1. (CH) CHMgBr, ether 2 H₂O+

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of tetrahedral carbons in dihydroxyacetone should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus,when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have tetrahedral geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by four groups of atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of trigonal planner carbons does dihydroxyacetone contains should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

Bonding electrons are those electrons that are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Lewis structures can be used to determine the shape around an atom in a molecule.

The shape around the given atom is determined by the number of groups surrounding the atom.

A group is either an atom or a lone pair of electrons. Then can use the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to determine the shape. VSEPR is based on the fact that electron pairs repel each other; thus, when groups are as far away from each other as possible then they are in the most stable arrangement.

In order to have trigonal planar geometry, carbon atom should be surrounded by three groups of atoms.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how a hydrogen...Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how two chlorine...Ch. 4.1 - How many covalent bonds are predicted for each...Ch. 4.1 - Fill in the lone pairs on each atom to give every...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for each covalent molecule....Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for dimethyl ether (C2H6O)...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4PP Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6P

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