Concept explainers
You are driving a car on a country road when a mosquito splatters on the windshield. Which has the greater magnitude: the force that the car exerted on the mosquito or the force that the mosquito exerted on the car? Or are the magnitudes the same? If they are different, how can you reconcile this fact with Newton’s third law? If they are equal, why is the mosquito splattered while the car is undamaged?
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- A ball is falling toward the ground. Which of the following statements are false? (a) The force that the ball exerts on Earth is equal in magnitude to the force that Earth exerts on the ball, (b) The ball undergoes the same acceleration as Earth. (c) The magnitude of the force the Earth exerts on the ball is greater than the magnitude of the force the ball exerts on the Earth.arrow_forwardAn object experiences no acceleration. Which of the following cannot be true for the object? (a) A single force acts on the object. (b) No forces act on the object. (c) Forces act on the object, but the forces cancel.arrow_forwardA crate remains stationary after it has been placed on a ramp inclined at an angle with the horizontal. Which of the following statements must be true about the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the crate? (a) It is larger than the weight of the crate. (b) It is at least equal to the weight of the crate. (c) It is equal to sn. (d) It is greater than the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp. (e) It is equal to the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp.arrow_forward
- A large crate is suspended from the end of a vertical rope. Is the tension in the rope greater when the crate is at rest or when it is moving upward at constant speed? If the crate is traveling upward, is the tension in the rope greater when the crate is speeding up or when it is slowing down? In each case, explain in terms of Newton’s laws of motion.arrow_forwardA horizontal force of 25 N is required to push a wagon across a sidewalk at a constant speed. What is the net (unbalanced) force acting on the wagon? What is the value of the force of friction acting on the wagon? If the force on the wagon increased to 30 N, use Newton's law to explain what the effect would be.arrow_forwardNewton's Second Law in 1 Dimension: A 40-kg crate is being lowered with a downward acceleration is 2.0 m/s2 by means of a rope. (a) What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope on the crate? What would be the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope if the crate were being raised with an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2?arrow_forward
- Consider applying Newton's second law to a man riding an elevator (perhaps to calculate his acceleration). Which of the following forces must be considered? Choose all that apply. The force that the man's head exerts on his neck. The force of gravity on the elevator. The force the elevator cable exerts on the elevator car. The force that the elevator floor exerts on the man's feet. The force that the man's feet exert on the floor of the elevator. The force of gravity on the man.arrow_forwardA bug is splattered on the windshield of a car traveling along the highway. What does Newton’s third law say about the forces involved in the collision? Why is there such a drastic difference in effects to the bug and car?arrow_forwardA book is lying on a table. According to Newton’s First Law, why does the book remain at rest unless acted upon by a force? What forces are acting on the book? (University Physics 1: Kinematics & Dynamics)arrow_forward
- To understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two interacting bodies. In Principia, Newton wrote:To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. (translation by Cajori) The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of force. The central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces to arise between pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body. In summary, each physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of the interaction, the force on body A from body B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on body B from body A.Incidentally, Newton states that…arrow_forwardTrain cars are connected by couplers, which are under tension as the locomotive pulls the train. Imagine you are on a train speeding up with a constant acceleration. As you move through the train from the locomotive to the last car, measuring the tension in each set of couplers, does the tension increase, decrease, or stay the same? When the engineer applies the brakes,the couplers are under compression. How does this compression force vary from the locomotive to the last car? (Assume only the brakes on the wheels of the engine are applied.)arrow_forwardYou hang a book bag on a spring scale and place the bag on a platform scale so that the platform scale reads 29.7 NN and the spring scale reads 17.6 NN. What is the magnitude of the force that Earth exerts on the bag?arrow_forward
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