Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 4CT
When researchers gave pair-bonded voles methamphetamine in their drinking water the voles’ brains made less oxytocin. What effect do you think this hormonal change had on partner preference in these animals?
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Fish produce a hormone called isotocin, a hormone that is similar to oxytocin in mammals. Both hormones, oxytocin and isotocin, have been linked to social behaviors including the suppression of social anxiety, trust, and attachment. Prior to this study, the relationship between isotocin in the bloodstream and the amount of aggression or submission individual cichlid fish display was unknown. The researchers hypothesized that isotocin would suppress aggressive behaviors in cichlids to promote social cohesion as these fish exist in large social groups (schools). To address this hypothesis, each of 10 fish were exposed to two treatments, 1 week apart. One at a time, a fish was randomly selected from the group of 10 and either injected with a saline solution (that served as the control) or with isotocin. After this injection, the fish was returned to its group and the amount of aggressive and submissive behaviors the fish demonstrated was recorded for the next 10 minutes. One week later…
Based on what you know about how Serotonin and Octopamine function, do the results of the Octopamine injection make sense?
Results: After injecting the Octopamine, the crayfish showed aggressive behavior(either resident male or intruder female/male)
Why do you say so? What might explain your results?
Draw a bar graph showing territorial aggression in mice is dependent on estradiol, and another showing what it would the results would look like if territorial aggression was independent of estradiol.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1DAACh. 43 - Prob. 2DAACh. 43 - Prob. 3DAACh. 43 - Whether a fruit fly is a sitter or a rover depends...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SQCh. 43 - An animal that navigates by the stars needs...Ch. 43 - The honeybee dance language transmits information...Ch. 43 - A _______ is a chemical that conveys information...Ch. 43 - Prob. 6SQCh. 43 - Generally, living in a social group cost the...
Ch. 43 - Prob. 8SQCh. 43 - Prob. 9SQCh. 43 - Prob. 10SQCh. 43 - A honeybee worker is a ________. a. fertile female...Ch. 43 - Prob. 12SQCh. 43 - Prob. 13SQCh. 43 - Prob. 14SQCh. 43 - Prob. 15SQCh. 43 - Prob. 1CTCh. 43 - Prob. 2CTCh. 43 - European cuckoos and North American brown-headed...Ch. 43 - When researchers gave pair-bonded voles...
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- Serotonin has been shown to be sufficient to trigger the development of the gregarious form of the migratory desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). What predictions must have been tested to arrive at this conclusion? You should know that you can inject serotonin as well as drugs that disable serotonin directly into nymphal locusts. (Don't use any online resource)arrow_forwardWhat do these results suggest about the role of PKA in insects that are always gregarious? Insects that are always gregarious show an aberrant PKA activation cycle. PKA plays a role in modifying behavior patterns, but not in establishing the patterns. Gregarious insects do not express the PKA protein. PKA affects behavior only in solitary insects.arrow_forwardYou have received a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study male signalling in peacock spiders. After your university takes most of that money for overhead costs, you now have a small amount left over to spend on peacock spider research over the next 3 years. What is the first question that you would focus on that you think would increase our understanding of peacock spider male displays the most? State a relevant hypothesis and explain briefly how you would go about testing it.arrow_forward
- In animals, pheromones can affect many different behaviors. Because humans do produce a number of airborne chemicals, what potential human behaviors could be affected by these chemicals? How would these pheromones be received, and would we necessarily be conscious of their effects on us?arrow_forwardAnurans Most anurans breed in water and rainfall stimulates breeding in many species. Ponds may attract aggregations of anurans during breeding season and males usually are the first to arrive. In most cases, females are attracted by vocalizations by males (see beginning of our lab manual). 1) This display is called “semaphoring”. Why was this behavioral adaptation necessary for this particular frog species?arrow_forwardMost anurans breed in water and rainfall stimulates breeding in many species. Ponds may attract aggregations of anurans during breeding season and males usually are the first to arrive. In most cases, females are attracted by vocalizations by males. Sometimes, vocalization isn’t sufficient Q20: This display is called “semaphoring”. Why was this behavioral adaptation necessary for this particular frog species? (please type the answer and asnwer all the parts to this question)arrow_forward
- In the initial encounter with the male intruder, resident male Cray fish showed extreme aggressive behaviors towards the intruder but after getting injected with octopamine, the resident male showed less aggression towards intruder males compared to their initial encounter. Based on what you know about serotonin an octopamine function, does the above situation of the injection octopamine makes sense? What might explain this and why do you say so? Also, what fitness benefits might a crayfish that shows dominance behaviors and a crayfish that shows subordinate behaviors gain?arrow_forwardTo study the control of sex hormones on behavior, researchers may remove an animal’s ovaries or testes and then inject the animal with an estrogen or androgen of interest to see what behavioral effects they have. What advantage does this technique have over another approach, which is simply to measure the concentrations of specific hormones in the blood of animal subjects from time to time?arrow_forwardNerve-like signals in animals are thousands of timesfaster than their plant counterparts. Suggest a behavioralreason for the difference.arrow_forward
- One of the most widely used means of communication among insects is chemical communication. How do pheromones affect insect behaviour? Cite two types of pheromones except sex pheromones and give an example of insect aside from bees that employ each specific type of pheromone.arrow_forwardGorski et al (1978) studied early hormonal effects on sex differences in brain anatomy in rats. What specific area and feature did they study?arrow_forwardConventional signals are not costly because they often entail slight visible variations in only a small portion of the body, but they can be rendered honest through social reinforcement. Which example best demonstrates this case? A. Birds with large throat patches with poor fighting ability are attacked more often by dominant birds. B. Aggressive wasps with facial patterns indicating their fighting ability are less likely to be attacked. C. A dominant lion is able to evict younger chalengers from the pride. D. Female chimps will not mate with a male defeated in combat.arrow_forward
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