Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason that how the animals assist individuals that could evolve through kin selection.
Concept introduction: Altruism is a process when an organism behaves in a way that benefits others instead of being harmed or risking oneself. Eusocial animals are organisms that live in a multigenerational family group with a reproductive division of labor. The only way to develop the altruistic behavior is through kin selection.
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Differentiate Kin selection from altruism.
You document altruism in an animal species that you are studying: female zebras running at the back of the group, closest to the pursuing predator, as the group runs to escape a predator. Both kin selection and reciprocal altruism can explain this behavior. What piece of evidence would support the hypothesis that it's kin selection?
Cooperative behaviour is widely found among animals. Provide the following:
1) an example of cooperative behaviour between genetically related individuals
2) an example of cooperative behaviour between unrelated individuals. For each of the examples, also describe the mechanism(s) involved in maintaining cooperative behaviours during their interactions.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1DAACh. 43 - Prob. 2DAACh. 43 - Prob. 3DAACh. 43 - Whether a fruit fly is a sitter or a rover depends...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2SQCh. 43 - An animal that navigates by the stars needs...Ch. 43 - The honeybee dance language transmits information...Ch. 43 - A _______ is a chemical that conveys information...Ch. 43 - Prob. 6SQCh. 43 - Generally, living in a social group cost the...
Ch. 43 - Prob. 8SQCh. 43 - Prob. 9SQCh. 43 - Prob. 10SQCh. 43 - A honeybee worker is a ________. a. fertile female...Ch. 43 - Prob. 12SQCh. 43 - Prob. 13SQCh. 43 - Prob. 14SQCh. 43 - Prob. 15SQCh. 43 - Prob. 1CTCh. 43 - Prob. 2CTCh. 43 - European cuckoos and North American brown-headed...Ch. 43 - When researchers gave pair-bonded voles...
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- Animals have evolved a range of strategies to successfully respond to threats and challenges. One of these strategies is the ability to learn. As we discussed, not every animal can learn and there are clear costs and benefits to this strategy. Suggest one benefit of the ability to learn and one potential cost. Briefly explain each. (1-2 sentences for each) Since learning is not universal, under which circumstances would it be most likely be a successful strategy? We discussed a framework that examines the influence of predictability on the success of learning ability. Describe this framework. Make sure you discuss all the available conditions and clearly state under which we would expect learning to be successful and where we would not expect it to be successful. What would be an alternative strategy to regulate behaviour when learning is not suitable? Briefly explain your choice. (2-3 sentences)arrow_forwardEarlier explanations of altruistic behavior as a form of group selec-tion have been supplanted by Hamilton’s hypothesis of kin selection. What distinguishes kin selection and how does it accord with the no-tion of inclusive fitness, the relative number of an individual’s alleles that pass to the next generation?arrow_forwardExplain the difference IN PRIMATES between contest competition and scramble competition, referencing how the distribution of different types of foods interacts with group size to affect levels of these kinds of competition in primate groups. References are the books "Primate Behavioral Ecology" by Karen Strier and "Planet Without Apes" by Craig Stanfordarrow_forward
- Evolutionary biology What are 4 conditions in which natural selection favors altruistic behaviors in which the individual performs costly actions to benefit others?arrow_forwardHamilton's Rule describes the relationship between cost and relationship in the evolution of altruistic behavior. Which of the following do not support Hamilton's rule: In colonies of Naked Mole Rates, only one female is reproductive. Cattle egrets sometimes kill their siblings. Wood mouse sperm will sacrifice themselves to assist a "sibling" sperm to fertilize an egg. O A Prairie Dog trills in response to an oncoming predator and is more likely to be eaten because it exhibits this behavior.arrow_forwardConsider the following argument: Altruistic behavior in groups of related individuals is most likely driven by kin selection since related individuals would share DNA. Which of the following pieces of evidence would be most likely to weaken this argument? Data showing that only distantly related individuals are most likely to perform altruistic behaviors in order to protect each other Data showing that food gifts are given more common among family members than between unrelated individuals in a group Data showing that individuals that share a higher percentage of DNA in a group tend to show the most altruistic behavior between themselves Data showing that the more frequent an allele of a gene occurs in a population, the more likely that population performs altruistic behaviorsarrow_forward
- Which piece of evidence would best support the argument for kin selection as a mechanism for the evolution of altruistic behavior? an antelope gets separated from the herd and killed by predators a penguin protects its chick from seagulls a clown fish helps clean parasites off of a sea anemone a hippo stops a crocodile from eating an antelopearrow_forwardWhich piece of evidence best supports the hypothesis that the evolution of altruistic behavior is driven by kin selection? A hippo is observed saving an antelope from an attack by an alligator. A cuckoo bird hides its own eggs in the nest of another bird species. A meerkat protects the offspring of its sister from an attack by hawks. A male gorilla helps protect his offspring from an attack by a tiger.arrow_forwardDefense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed appeasement. kinesis. passive behavior. aggression behavior territorial behavior. Choose the true statement about innate behaviors from the list: Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. In different species, there are sometimes very sensitive periods in their lives when a particular behavior or skill needs to be learned. This is called classical conditioning. altruism. fixed action behavior.…arrow_forward
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