Concept explainers
To explain: The reason for the behavior of night-flying moths that fly toward bright objects is not adaptive.
Concept introduction: Behavior is the capacity of an animal to learn through experience. Behavioral ecology is study of how natural selection shapes the behavior of an organism. Studies of behavioral differences within a species or among related species can shed light on the proximate causes of a behavior and the ultimate causes that favored the behavior. Behavioral traits are influenced by an animal’s environment. Some environmentally induced variations in behavior occur due to epigenetic effects.
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Chapter 43 Solutions
Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, Loose-leaf Version, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
- The flashing pattern of thefirefly (Lampyridae) is used to attract the opposite sex. Female fireflies only flash back and attract male fireflies who first signal them with a species-specific pattern of light.arrow_forwardWhich research question does not refer to proximate causes of behavior? a.) How do rhesus macaques find their food? b.) how do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? c.) How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? d.) Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? e.) How do hummingbirds “know” when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds?arrow_forwardOnce there was a highly intelligent turkey that had nothing to do but reflect on the world's regularities. Morning always started out with the sky turning light, followed by the master's footsteps, which were always followed by the appearance of food. Other things varied, but food always followed footsteps. The sequence of events was so predictable that it eventually became the basis of turkey's theory that footsteps bring food. One morning, after more than 100 confirmations of this theory, the turkey listened for the master's footsteps, heard them, and had its head chopped off. Scientific theories can be revised upon the discovery of inconsistent evidence. Suggest how the turkey's theory might be modified so the remaining members of the flock would find it more useful for making predictions.arrow_forward
- Some types of mosquitoes are known to use landmarks as a mechanism to find the nesting sites. If a researcher were to move the landmark away from the nest (but the nurse remains on moved in the same location), with the mosquitoes still be able to find the nesting site?arrow_forwardFigure 1.15 Example of error bars in a graph. This graph was adapted from the peacock butterfly research described in Section 1.5. The researchers recorded the number of times each butterfly flicked its wings in response to an attack by a bird. The squares represent average frequency of wing flicking for each sample set of butterflies. The error bars that extend above and below the dots indicate the range of valuesthe sampling error. Figure It Out: What was the fastest rate at which a butterfly with no spots or sound flicked its wings?arrow_forwardBehavior influences how organisms experience the environment and thus patterns of natural selection on behavioral traits. Which of the following examples is consistent with this statement? Some lizards in complex tropical forests prefer to hang out on tree trunks and branches, rather than the ground substrate, which has resulted in selection for shorter relative limb length and toe pads that can cling to bark. Ground-burrowing mammals experience greater exposure to dust and increased selection on their respiratory system to filter these particulates. Specialist parasitoids only target a handful of different host/prey types, resulting in a predictable resource and less selection on the ability to learn new resources All of the above Imagine that scientists have just discovered a weird new marine tunicate at extreme depths of the ocean. They have a novel kind of neurotransmitter – maritonin – that binds to the “maritonin” receptor, which is permeable to negatively charged iodine ions…arrow_forward
- It’s sometimes said that the reason an animal does something is that it’s “for the good of the species.” Why is this argument incorrect?arrow_forwardWhich of the following questions is most closely associated with anultimate cause of a behavior?a. How does a squid alter its color to blend in with its environment?b. How does a hummingbird’s body shape influence its ability tohover?c. How do alarm calls affect prairie dog fitness?d. Which cues do monarch butterflies use during migration?arrow_forwardExplain alarm calling in prairie dogs and ground squirrels. what are some data that indicatewhether alarm calling is selfish or altruistic behavior.? why altruistic behavior represents and evolutionary paradox. What is the primary hypothesis for themechanism that led to the evolution of alarm calling?arrow_forward
- Squirrels can be pests at bird feeders, stealing seeds away from the intended guests. The graph below shows the results of an experiment testing a new product "Squirrel Away." On Day 1, "Squirrel-Away" was sprayed near one bird feeder. An area around a second bird feeder in a different area was NOT sprayed with "Squirrel Away." Both bird feeders contained the same seeds. The Effect of "Squirrel Away" on the Number of Squirrles at Two Bird Feeders 10 Without Squirrel Away WITH Squirrel-Away What was the independent variable in the experiment above? Average number of squirrels at the bird feeder per day Average number of birds at the bird feeder per day O Presence or absence of Squirrel Away Distance from the bird feeder that Squirrel Away was sprayed The type of seeds added to the bird feeder 9, 4. 2. at the Bird Feeder Per Day Average Number of Squirrelsarrow_forwardMale and female ruffed grouse look similar, except during courtship when the males raise their neck feathers and fan out their tails to create a visual display (Figure 2). These grouse spend much of their time on the ground. How might natural selection have favoured this particular adaptation? A Figure 2 Male ruffed grouse in courtship displayarrow_forwardEastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) live in large groups in silk nests, resembling tents, which they build in trees. They are among the first insects to be active in early spring, when daily temperature fluctuates from freezing to very hot. Over the course of a day, they display striking differences in behavior: Early in the morning, they rest in a tightly packed group on the tent's east-facing surface. In mid afternoon, they are on its under-surface, each caterpillar hanging by a few of its legs. Propose a hypothesis to explain this behavior. How could you test it?arrow_forward
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning