Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 9TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie monster Godzilla is Mothra, a mothlike creature with a wingspan of several dozen meters. The largest known insects were Paleozoic dragonflies with half-meter wingspans. Focusing on respiration and gas exchange, explain why giant insects are improbable.
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O The toxin causes inappropriate firing of neurons leading to periods of rapid twitching that infected individuals experience as summation
leading to tetanus.
QUESTION 6
Mammalian lungs are very different in structure compared to amphibian lungs. The lungs of mammals have highly complex branching patterns of
airways. The lungs of amphibians are simpler and more sac-like. Over all, the lungs of mammals are capable of much greater rates of gas
exchange compared to amphibians. Why is this?
O The more complex structure provides more surface area across which gas exchange can occur.
O A complex structure means that gases have more contact time with gases compared to a simpler structure.
O Mammalian lungs are usually much bigger relative to their bodies compared to amphibian lungs.
O The respiratory membranes of mammals are able to diffuse gases across them much faster than amphibians.
QUESTION 7
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One of the many mutant opponents that the movie monster Godzilla contends with is Mothra, a giant mothlike creature with a wingspan of 7-8 m. Science fiction creatures like these can be critiqued on the grounds of biomechanical and physio- logical principles. Focusing on the principles of gas exchange that you learned about in this chapter, what prob- lems would Mothra face? Why do you think truly giant insects are improbable?
Bats mostly hunt insects at night. They are able to determine the distance and speed of any prey they are chasing, which has helped them to become excellent nocturnal predators. One potential prey, the tiger moth, has developed two separate methods of evading predation.
First, tiger moths emit a toxin that is distasteful to bats, birds, and most other vertebrate predators. Second, they use an organ called a "tymbal" to create a series of high-pitched clicks that only bats can hear, and which identify the tiger moths as something the bats don't like to eat. Bats who prey on tiger moths discover they don't taste very good, learn to identify tiger moths by their clicks, and avoid eating them. Use this information to answer the questions below.
Question 1: The scenario above describes a distinct evolutionary interaction. What is it?Can you explain?
Question 2: Why is it necessary for the moth to produce both a tymbal click and a toxin? Why not just a toxin? Do you think there are…
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 5CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forwardLike typical fish, the crocodile icefish still need and use oxygen for metabolism. Explain why only fish that evolved to live in cold waters, like the crocodile icefish, could lose hemoglobin? ( unlike terrestrial organisms, marine organisms like fish use oxygen dissolved in water.)arrow_forwardChoose the three option A, B, Carrow_forward
- If a mouse and a small lizard of the same mass were placed in an experimental chamber under identical environmental conditions, which animal would consume oxygen at a higher rate? Explain.arrow_forwardAs discussed in the Biology and Society section, the delivery of oxygen to muscles is the limiting factor for many athletes. Some athletes seek to improve their athletic performance through blood doping, which can artificially increase athletic capacity. Other athletes achieve the same result by training at high altitude (which promotes the formation of more red blood cells by the bone marrow). If two athletes achieve exactly the same result—one due to injecting her own blood and one due to training at altitude—why do you think the former is considered cheating but the latter is not? What would you do to enforce antidoping rules in sports at all levels (high school, college, Olympic, professional)?arrow_forwardNeither cnidarians nor turbellarians possess a circulatory system. For most large, active animals, this would pose a (fatal) problem. Describe and discuss the features of large active cnidarians ands turbellarians that allow them to respire, nourish their cells, and excrete despite the absence of a conventional circulatory system.arrow_forward
- What is true about Myoglobin? A. is the oxygen-carrying molecule in most invertebrates who do not have respiratory systems. B. primary purpose is to bind to carbon monoxide to prevent us from being poisoned. C. uses copper rather than iron. D. is similar to hemoglobin but has one heme and found mostly in muscle tissue. Which animal has two atria and one ventricle with no septum? A. fish B. frog C. rat D. lizardarrow_forwardA bird’s respiratory system consists of lungs in close association with a number of air sacs; one such air sac is known as the ________. Metamorphosis of the tadpole frog into the adult frog is spontaneous and is triggered by the accumulation of __________. The ________ muscle is responsible for powering the downstroke (ie. downward flapping) of the pigeon’s wing.arrow_forwardWhat is the biophysical reason that myoglobin (as opposed to hemoglobin) could never play the role of the oxygen transport system in the human body? 1. It binds oxygen too tightly 2. It binds oxygen too weakly 3. It binds oxygen too slowly 4. It does not bind oxygen cooperativelyarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 1. Which of the following is a benefit of gas exchange in air compared with gas exchange in water? (a) air has a higher concentration of molecular oxygen (b) oxygen diffuses more slowly in air (c) no energy is required for ventilation (d) moist respiratory surface is not needed (e) air is denser than waterarrow_forwardDirection: Describe the process of respiration for each organism below. 1. Acoelomate flatwom 2. Earthworm 3. Nile Tilapia 4. Bee 5. Doiphin 6. Plants 7. Sparrowarrow_forwardQuestion 4 of 25 Use the diagram to answer the question. Some organisms use a single loop circulatory system such as the one shown. How is the transport of gases in such a design different from that in the circulatory systems found in humans? A. The transport of gases is more efficient because oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood. B. The transport of gases is less efficient because oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood. C. The transport of gases is more efficient because the distance between the heart and the capillaries is shorter. D. The transport of gases is less efficient because the distance between the heart and the capillaries is shorter.arrow_forward
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