Chapter 4.12, Problem

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Diastereoisomers for given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity.  Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.  Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is $2^n$, in which ‘n’ is the number of asymmetric centers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical.  If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are Diastereomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Diastereoisomers for given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity.  Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.

Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity.  Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.  Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is $2^n$, in which ‘n’ is the number of asymmetric centers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical.  If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are Diastereomers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Diastereoisomers for given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity.  Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.  Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is $2^n$, in which ‘n’ is the number of asymmetric centers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical.  If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are Diastereomers. So, cis-trans isomers are diastereomers.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Diastereoisomers for given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity.  Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.  Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is $2^n$, in which ‘n’ is the number of asymmetric centers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical.  If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are Diastereomers.

The pair of Enantiomers non-superimposable mirror images of each other.