(a)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the
Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
(b)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.
For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
(c)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.
Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
Pair of enantiomers has different optical activity, which means if one will show levorotatory then the other will show dextrorotatory.
(d)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.
Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
Pair of enantiomers has different optical activity, which means if one will show levorotatory then the other will show dextrorotatory.
(e)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.
Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the
From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.
In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.
(f)
Interpretation:
The configuration of given structure of 2-chlorobutane has to be determined as (S) or (R).
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Enantiomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,
The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.
Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.
Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.
From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.
In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Redraw the molecule below as a skeletal ("line") structure. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if necessary to accurately represent the direction of the bonds to ring substituents. Cl. Br Click and drag to start drawing a structure. : ☐ ☑ Parrow_forwardK m Choose the best reagents to complete the following reaction. L ZI 0 Problem 4 of 11 A 1. NaOH 2. CH3CH2CH2NH2 1. HCI B OH 2. CH3CH2CH2NH2 DII F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 A F6 C CH3CH2CH2NH2 1. SOCl2 D 2. CH3CH2CH2NH2 1. CH3CH2CH2NH2 E 2. SOCl2 Done PrtScn Home End FA FQ 510 * PgUp M Submit PgDn F11arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Add curved arrows to the reactants in this reaction. A double-barbed curved arrow is used to represent the movement of a pair of electrons. Draw curved arrows. : 0: si H : OH :: H―0: Harrow_forwardConsider this step in a radical reaction: Br N O hv What type of step is this? Check all that apply. Draw the products of the step on the right-hand side of the drawing area below. If more than one set of products is possible, draw any set. Also, draw the mechanism arrows on the left-hand side of the drawing area to show how this happens. O primary Otermination O initialization O electrophilic O none of the above × ☑arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Can I get a drawing of what is happening with the orbitals (particularly the p orbital) on the O in the OH group? Is the p orbital on the O involved in the ring resonance? Why or why not?arrow_forward1) How many monochlorination products-including stereochemistry- are there for the molecule below:arrow_forwardSelect an amino acid that has and N-H or O-H bond in its R-group (you have 8 to choose from!). Draw at least two water molecules interacting with the R-group of the amino acid.arrow_forward
