Biology (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285423586
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 3TYU
Which of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level? (a) voltage-activated Na+ channels open (b) K+ channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K+ channels close
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The membrane potential labeled (0) is due to which of the following (when compared to (3) potential.
(A) voltage-gated Na+ channels
(B) voltage-gated K+ channels
(C) voltage-gated slow Ca++ channels
(D) voltage-gated fast Ca++ channels
(E) voltage-gated transient Ca++ channels
(F) funny channels
Refer to the graph showing the course of an action potential. Which of the numbered points along the graph represent the time when voltage-gated potassium channels are first activated?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
Which of the following factors are important in the establishment of the membrane potential at -70 mV?
(i) Coulomb force;
(ii) Ion concentration;
(iii) Length of the axon;
(iv) Number of dendrites;
(v) Permeability of the cell membrane.
Select one:
a. (i), (iv), (v).
b. (ii), (iii).
c. (i), (ii), (v).
d. (iii), (iv).
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 41.1 - Describe the processes involved in neural...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Draw and label a typical neuron and give the...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 5LO
Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 6LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.4 - How are EPSPs produced? IPSPs?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 41.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 41.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Which of the following occurs first when voltage...Ch. 41 - Saltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than...Ch. 41 - Receptors for serotonin and many other...Ch. 41 - A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits...Ch. 41 - VISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each...Ch. 41 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Which factors in the establishment of the membrane potential are considered in the Nernst equation? (i) Coulomb force; (ii) Ion concentration; (iii) Length of the axon; (iv) Number of dendrites; (v) Permeability of the cell membrane. Select one: a. (i), (iii), (iv) b. (ii), (iii) c. (ii), (iv), (v) d. (i), (ii)arrow_forward1) When threshold (-55 mV) is reached: a) voltage-gated K+ channels immediately open. b) Na+ enters through voltage-gated channels. c) the inactivation gate on Na+ channels opens. d) K+ leak channels close. 2) At the peak of an action potential (choose the two correct answers): a) voltage-gated K+ channels are open. b) K+ leak channels close. c) voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivate. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels close.arrow_forwardThe following is a graph of membrane potential over time during an action potential. At which labeled point, A-D, would permeability to potassium (K+) be the greatest? A) B) C) D)arrow_forward
- What force(s) act(s) to move potassium ions from the inside of the cell to the outside when a neuron is about to enter the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential? O a) The sodium-potassium pump Ob) The electrical (electrostatic) gradient only Oc) The concentration (chemical) gradient only d) Both the concentration (chemical) gradient and the electrical (electrostatic) gradientarrow_forwardWhat would occur if voltage - regulated Na+ and k+ gates opened at the same time rather than at different times, during the production of an action potential?arrow_forwardMatch each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forward
- Following a current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Is the produced voltage change a hyperpolarization or a depolarization, and why? b) Is the produced voltage change excitatory or inhibitory, and why? c) What is the reason the voltage change switches from passive to active?arrow_forwardWhat happens when a resting neuron’s membranedepolarizes?(A) There is a net diffusion of Na+out of the cell.(B) The equilibrium potential for K+(EK) becomesmore positive.(C) The neuron’s membrane voltage becomesmore positive.(D) The cell’s inside is more negative than the outsidearrow_forwardNerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.arrow_forward
- The extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Why has the membrane potential changed following the Na+ reduction? b) Why has the current injection produced no action potentials? c) How might you experimentally rescue action potential generation?arrow_forwardDraw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)arrow_forwardThe neuromuscular junction is similar to synapses in the central nervous system in that: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a.) A wave of depolarization in the presynaptic terminal opens voltage gated Ca++ channels b.) Calcium entry through voltage-gated channels in the presynaptic terminal is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter c.) The neurotransmitter released from the pre-synaptic terminal binds to specific receptors on the post-synaptic side d.) The release at the neuromuscular junction of acetylcholine results in just a fraction of a mV depolarization on the post-synaptic membrane which is similar to what is seen at synapses in the central nervous system.arrow_forward
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