EBK BIOLOGY
10th Edition
ISBN: 8220100474729
Author: Martin
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 41, Problem 2TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits the information. A neuron is the largest cell in the body consisting of the cell body, axon, dendrites, and terminal branches. Nerve impulses that are identified as stimuli are received and then transmitted forward to the CNS and then from CNS to the effectors by the neurons. The axon is covered by a layer of cells called myelin sheath, which helps in the improvement in signal transduction.
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Part 2- The Function of the Nervous System Use the information in
your lecture slides and handouts to answer the following questions
about the function of the nervous system
(A) Label the parts of the neuron indicated below
(B) Indicate using an arrow the direction an electrical impulse would move
during synaptic transmission
Тext
(the inner part)
(the outer part)
neuron (cell body)
(C) In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches
the term or phrase.
Neuron anatomy model - a spinal multipolar neuron
• Dendrites
●
Terminal ends of presynaptic neurons
• Some(cell body)
● Nucleus and nucleolus
Nissl (bodies) also called chromatophilic substances
0
• Neurofibrils
● Mitochondria
Axolemma
● Endoneurium
●
Axon
Myelin with nodes of Ranvier (neurofibril nodes)
Show all working explaining detailly each step
Solution should be typewritten with a computer keyboard!
Chapter 41 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 41.1 - Describe the processes involved in neural...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Draw and label a typical neuron and give the...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 5LO
Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 6LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.4 - How are EPSPs produced? IPSPs?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 41.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 41.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Which of the following occurs first when voltage...Ch. 41 - Saltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than...Ch. 41 - Receptors for serotonin and many other...Ch. 41 - A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits...Ch. 41 - VISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each...Ch. 41 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. Which of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level in a neuron plasma membrane? (a) voltageactivated Na+ channels open (b) K+ channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K+ channels closearrow_forwardView the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?arrow_forwardIn temporal summation.. Select one: O A. IPSPS, but not EPSPS, are combined. O B. The postsynaptic cell's potential is a combination of two EPSPS arriving at a synapse in rapid succession. O C. Two synapses on different regions of a cell are stimulated at the same time. O D. A synapse is stimulated a second time after the effect of a first stimulus at the synapse has been terminated. O E. The size of an action potential depends on the size of the stimulus.arrow_forward
- Inhibitory post synaptic membrane potential - Data Cl- Cl- Nr of GABA inside Max Postsynaptic Voltage (mV) outside receptors 140 20 hel-89- 00 140 20 - 34.428 140 40 - ףQLL-b Questions 11. What is an IPSP? 12. GABA receptors on the postsynaptic neuron function as ion channels for which ion? 13. Based on the data collected, when is it more possible for an action potential to occur? When the intracellular Cl- concentration in the postsynaptic neuron increases or when the number of GABA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane increases? 14. Explainarrow_forwardReceptors for serotonin and many other neurotransmitters (a) are voltage-activated ion channels (b) permit influx of chloride ions, leading to depolarization (c) inhibit EPSPs (d) are ligand-gated channels (e) are passive ion channelsarrow_forwardneed help question, come up with 1 example in the body for each of the Peripheral Nervous System Pathways. The Somatic and the Visceral Pathway. For each example you need to Identify the receptor (general like in my example below) and then each pathway name, (the afferent pathway, integrator, and efferent pathway.) Then Identify the shape of the neuron for each of the 3 pathways (afferent, integrator & efferent) HINT: Visceral division is the organ (smooth or cardiac muscle) pathway, the Somatic division is the Skeletal Muscle pathway Example Visceral Stretch receptors sense that the bladder is full Viserceral Sensory Division (VSD) sends a message to the brain (Integrator) send message to the bladder smooth muscle to urinated Viseral Motor Division (VMD) The VSD is a unipolar neuron and the Integrator & VMD is a multipolar neuron Somatic Pain receptors sense that we are touching something sharp Somatic Sensory Division (SSD) sends a message to the spinal cord…arrow_forward
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8. VISUALIZE Label the diagram of the human brain.arrow_forwardMetaNeuron Lesson 4 1. Action Potential Threshold. Vary the amplitude of "Stimulus 1". What effect does this have on the cell response (Figure 7)? What is the threshold stimulus amplitude (in uA) for initiating an action potential? The threshold stimulus is best measured by adjusting the stimulus amplitude in 0.1 µA increments until it is just large enough to initiate an action potential. Click on the "Stimulus 1 Amplitude" gray button and move the mouse while holding down the ctrl key. 2. Action Potentials and the Na+ equilibrium potential. Set "Stimulus 1 Amplitude" to 150 μA. The stimulus will evoke an action potential. Vary the "Na+ equilibrium potential". What effect does this have on the action potential? Why? 3. Action potentials and gK max. Using a "Stimulus 1 Amplitude" of 150 μA and a "Na+ equilibrium potential" of 50 mV, vary "gK max". What effect does this have on the time to action potential initiation and the width of the action potential? Why? 4. Na+ channels and Action…arrow_forward
- 4 Which of the following would be an example of spatial summation that produces a depolarizing effect at the postsynaptic neuron? Resting membrane potential is -70 mV and threshold is -55 mV. Group of answer choices IPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd IPSP of 5 from neuron A Simultaneous application of an IPSP of 5 from neuron A and an IPSP of 10 from neuron B Simultaneous application of an EPSP of 5 from neuron A and an EPSP of 10 from neuron B EPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd EPSP of 5 from neuron Aarrow_forward16. Which option is correctarrow_forward1. The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? 2. Explain why the membrane potential changes at X 3. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential 4. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potentialarrow_forward
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Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license