Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Motor units control the contractions of muscles. Stronger contractions are observed when a number of motor units are greater. The frequency of stimulation of their motor units is also an important factor that affects the contraction of muscle fibers and the tension on them.
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*When dynamic y-motor neurons are
activated at the same time as a-motor
neurons to muscle,
[A] prompt inhibition of discharge in
spindle la afferents takes place.
[B] clonus is likely to occur.
[C] the muscle will not contract.
[D] the number of impulses in spindle
la afferents is smaller than when a
discharge alone is increased.
[E] the number of impulses in spindle
la afferents is greater than when a
discharge alone is increased.
39- The firing rate for primary sensory neuron of spindle muscle is:
a- High during stretching the muscle.
b- Interrupted during extinction the muscle.
c- Steady, neither increased nor decreased.
d- High during contraction.
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Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40.1 - Compare the functions of the epithelial coverings...Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.2 - Compare the structure and functions of different...Ch. 40.2 - Describe the main divisions of the vertebrate...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 40.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 40.3 - Compare the roles of glycogen, creatine phosphate,...Ch. 40.3 - Compare the structures and functions of the three...Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 40 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 40 - Test Your Understanding 3. An energy storage...Ch. 40 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - Evaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 40 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Match the level of skeletal muscle organization given in the key with its description:Key:(a) muscle (b) fascicle (c) fiber (d) myofibril (e) myofilament__(1) rod-shaped organelle; made of sarcomeres__(2) an organ__(3) a bundle of cells__(4) a group of large molecules__(5) a cellarrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 40-13. Based on the summation of two stimuli shown in that graph, draw a curve showing summation when the muscle fiber is stimulated three times. Figure 40-13 Summation and tetanusarrow_forwardEvery skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forward
- FILL IN BLANKS smoothstriatedmany cellsone cell per fiberbranchedlong, straightspindle-shapedautorhythmicinvoluntary/autonomicvoluntary/somatic motorarrow_forward11 Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control. Explain the processes that must occur in order for a muscle like our Biceps brachi (an elbow flexor) to contract and shorten so that you can pick up a beer after taking this exam. Describe the roles that lons and molecules play in both contraction and relaxation and how the sliding filament theory enables sarcomeres to shorten. Be descriptive but answer the question in your own words.arrow_forward6 As calcium is actively reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilaments decreases 12. Fill in the blanks using the phrases in the word bank below: Prior to muscle excitation, there is a greater concentration of Na+ and there is a greater concentration of K+ stimulus is delivered, protein “doors" open and the depolarization of the plasma membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave begins, a repolarization wave follows. This occurs as restores the When the neural initiating Repolarization of the resting cell membrane. The is (are) reestablished by which move(s) K+ back into the cell and Na+ back out. WORD BANK: • Na+ diffuses out of the cell • Outside the cell • Ion concentrations • Electrical conditions • Sodium-potassium pumps K+ diffuses out of the cell Na+ diffuses into the cell • K+ diffuses into the cell • Inside the cellarrow_forward
- what is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playwhat is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playarrow_forward23. The diagram below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate an aspect during muscle construction. fixed support String Kymograph- Frog muscle Pivot (a) State what would happen if a solution of ATP was added to the muscle. (b) Explain why it is necessary to use muscle from a freshly killed animal. (c) Name the part of the mammal represented by: (1) pivot. (ii) string. (iii) fixed support. 4. The apparatus below were used to investigate a certain physiological process in plants.arrow_forwardMuscle Physiology Some skeletal muscle fibers are “fast-twitch” fibers (white fibers), and others are “slow-twitch” (red) fibers. Would you expect an athlete proficient in running the 100-yard dash to have a greater proportion of red fibers or white fibers in muscles of the leg? Why? Define the following: Maximal stimulus Threshold stimulus Submaximal stimulus A skeletal muscle can be stimulated, under laboratory conditions, with a supramaximal stimulus. Is it possible for the muscle to respond with a supramaximal contraction? Explain Define a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle? Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle. Explain, giving two causative factors, why skeletal muscle displays fatigue. Does complete or incomplete tetanus occur physiologically? Explain. Define the following: Isometric contraction Isotonic contraction Optimum length…arrow_forward
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