Chapter 4, Problem 78AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Groups to which the hypothetical elements given in the question fall to should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The group number of an element is given the formula: 10+n, where n is the number of valence electrons denoted in the Lewis structure of an element.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis formula for each compound that the given element will form with should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis Formula represents the simplest formula for denoting a chemical compound. Rules for writing a Lewis formula:

1. Firstly, choose the central atom. Generally, atoms with the lowest electronegativity like metals from the central atom. Then we draw the molecular skeleton.
2. After that, we count all valence electrons including the charges on the atoms in the molecule.
3. For 2 electrons, we draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom.
4. If there are any electrons left after the formation of single bonds, we distribute the rest of the electrons as lone electron pairs.
5. One important thing to notice is that if some of the atoms lack octet structures, change as many lone electron pairs into bonds required to complete the octet shells.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis formula for the ions of X and Y that they will form after reacting with should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis Formula represents the simplest formula for denoting a chemical compound. Rules for writing a Lewis formula:

1. Firstly, choose the central atom. Generally, atoms with the lowest electronegativity like metals from the central atom. Then we draw the molecular skeleton.
2. After that, we count all valence electrons including the charges on the atoms in the molecule.
3. For 2 electrons, we draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom.
4. If there are any electrons left after the formation of single bonds, we distribute the rest of the electrons as lone electron pairs.
5. One important thing to notice is that if some of the atoms lack octet structures, change as many lone electron pairs into bonds required to complete the octet shells.