Chapter 4, Problem 4.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Three common weak acids are to be named.

Concept introduction:

Acid is a substance that dissociates in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions. Depending upon the strength the acids can be classified into two types:

1. Strong acids

2. Weak acids

Strong acids are the substance that dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate completely in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions. They behave as strong electrolytes and conduct a large amount of electricity.

Weak acids are the substance that does not dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate partially in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions. They behave as weak electrolytes and conduct less amount of electricity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

One common weak base is to be named.

Concept introduction:

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions. Depending upon the strength, bases can be classified into two types:

1. Strong bases

2. Weak bases

Strong bases are the substance that dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate completely in water to release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions. They behave as strong electrolytes and conduct a large amount of electricity.

Weak bases are the substance that does not dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate partially in water to release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions. They behave as weak electrolytes and conduct less amount of electricity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major difference between a weak acid and a strong acid or between a weak base and a strong base and the experiment to observe it is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Acid is a substance that dissociates in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions. The dissociation reaction of acid is:

$\text{HX}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{X}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions. The dissociation reaction of the base is:

$\text{MOH}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}}{\to }{\text{M}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Depending upon the strength of dissociation, acids, and bases can be classified into two types:

1 Strong acids and strong bases

2. Weak acids and weak bases