Chapter 4, Problem 4.51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solid obtained upon mixing of the solution containing ${\text{K}}^{+}$, ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$, ${\text{Ag}}^{+}$, or ${\text{Pb}}^{2+}$ and the solution containing ${\text{ClO}}_4^{-}$, ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$ and ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature.

Spectator ions are the ions that are not a part of the actual chemical change but are present in the reaction mixture to balance the charge on both sides of the reaction. They are represented in the total ionic reaction. These are the dissolved ions present in the reaction mixture.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced net ionic equation of the reaction of the mixing of the solution containing ${\text{K}}^{+}$, ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$, ${\text{Ag}}^{+}$, or ${\text{Pb}}^{2+}$ and the solution containing ${\text{ClO}}_4^{-}$, ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$ and ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ is to be written.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

Spectator ions are the ions that are not a part of the actual chemical change but are present in the reaction mixture to balance the charge on both sides of the reaction. They are represented in the total ionic reaction. These are the dissolved ions present in the reaction mixture.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mass of the product if each sphere present in it represents $5.0\times {10}^{-4}\text{mol}$ of ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate. The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature. For example, the formation of ${\text{PbSO}}_4$ is a precipitation reaction.

The net ionic equation for the formation of ${\text{PbSO}}_4$ is:

${\text{Pb}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{PbSO}}_4\left(s\right)$

One mole of solid ${\text{PbSO}}_4$ gives one mole of ${\text{Pb}}^{2+}$ ion and one mole of ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ ion.