(a)
Interpretation:
Lithium nitrate is soluble in water or not is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.
A compound is soluble in water when the forces between the ions or atoms of the compound and ions of water molecules are greater than forces between the ions or atoms themselves in a compound. Ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water.
In an ionic compound, the ions get separates in the water and form cations and anions. The positive end of water is attracted towards the anions and the negative end of water is attracted towards the cations. The ions get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In polar covalent compounds, the atoms get polarized in the water molecule and become partially positive charged and partially negative charged. The positive end of water is attracted towards the partially negative charged atom and the negative end of water is attracted towards the partially positive charged. The atoms get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In nonpolar covalent compounds, there is no electronegativity difference between the atoms so there will be no polarization of the compound. Therefore, these compounds will interact less with water and are insoluble in water.
(b)
Interpretation:
Glycine
Concept introduction:
A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.
A compound is soluble in water when the forces between the ions or atoms of the compound and ions of water molecules are greater than forces between the ions or atoms themselves in a compound. Ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water.
In an ionic compound, the ions get separates in the water and form cations and anions. The positive end of water is attracted towards the anions and the negative end of water is attracted towards the cations. The ions get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In polar covalent compounds, the atoms get polarized in the water molecule and become partially positive charged and partially negative charged. The positive end of water is attracted towards the partially negative charged atom and the negative end of water is attracted towards the partially positive charged. The atoms get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In non-polar covalent compounds, there is no electronegativity difference between the atoms so there will be no polarization of the compound. Therefore, these compounds will interact less with water and are insoluble in water.
(c)
Interpretation:
Pentane is soluble in water or not is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.
A compound is soluble in water when the forces between the ions or atoms of the compound and ions of water molecules are greater than forces between the ions or atoms themselves in a compound. Ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water.
In an ionic compound, the ions get separates in the water and form cations and anions. The positive end of water is attracted towards the anions and the negative end of water is attracted towards the cations. The ions get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In polar covalent compounds, the atoms get polarized in the water molecule and become partially positive charged and partially negative charged. The positive end of water is attracted towards the partially negative charged atom and the negative end of water is attracted towards the partially positive charged. The atoms get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In non-polar covalent compounds, there is no electronegativity difference between the atoms so there will be no polarization of the compound. Therefore, these compounds will interact less with water and are insoluble in water.
(d)
Interpretation:
Ethylene glycol
Concept introduction:
A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.
A compound is soluble in water when the forces between the ions or atoms of the compound and ions of water molecules are greater than forces between the ions or atoms themselves in a compound. Ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water.
In an ionic compound, the ions get separates in the water and form cations and anions. The positive end of water is attracted towards the anions and the negative end of water is attracted towards the cations. The ions get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In polar covalent compounds, the atoms get polarized in the water molecule and become partially positive charged and partially negative charged. The positive end of water is attracted towards the partially negative charged atom and the negative end of water is attracted towards the partially positive charged. The atoms get hydrated and the compound dissolves.
In non-polar covalent compounds, there is no electronegativity difference between the atoms so there will be no polarization of the compound. Therefore, these compounds will interact less with water and are insoluble in water.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR...(LL) W/ALEKS
- Please predict the products for each of the following reactions. Clearly show the regiochemistry (Markovnikov vs anti-Markovnikov) and stereochemistry (syn- vs anti- or both). If a mixture of enantiomers is formed, please draw all the enantiomers. cold KMnO4, NaOH 2. DMS 1. 03 CH3OH Br2 1. 03 2. (CH3)2S H₂ Pd or Pt (catalyst) HBr 18 19 20 1 HBr ROOR (peroxide) H₂O H₂SO4 HCI HI 17 16 6 15 MCPBA 1. BH3 THF 2. H₂O2, NaOH 1. OsO4 2. H₂O₂ 110 CH3CO₂H (peroxyacid) 1. MCPBA 2. H₂O* Br2 H₂O BH3 THF B12 EtOH Pd or Ni (catalyst) D₂ (deuterium) Bra A B C D H OH H OH OH H OH α α α OH H OH OH фон d H "Harrow_forwardBriefly indicate the models that describe the structure of the interface: Helmholtz-Perrin, Gouy-Chapman, Stern and Grahame models.arrow_forwardElectrochemistry. Briefly describe the Gibbs model and the Gibbs absorption equation.arrow_forward
- Briefly state the electrocapillary equation for ideally polarized electrodes.arrow_forwardWhat is surface excess according to the Gibbs model?arrow_forwardUsing Benzene as starting materid show how each of the Following molecules Contel Ve syntheswed CHI 9. b -50311 с CHY 503H Ночто d. อ •NOV e 11-0-650 NO2arrow_forward
- The molecule PYRIDINE, 6th electrons and is therefore aromatre and is Assigned the Following structure contering Since aromatk moleculoy undergo electrophilic anomatic substitution, Pyridine shodd undergo The Following reaction + HNO3 12504 a. write all of the possible Mononitration Products that could Result From this reaction 18. Bared upon the reaction mechanison determime which of these producty would be the major Product of the hegetionarrow_forwarda. Explain Why electron withdrawing groups tend to be meta-Directors. Your answer Should lyclude all apropriate. Resonance contributing Structures fo. Explain why -ll is an outho -tura drccton even though chlorine has a very High Electronegativityarrow_forward9. Write Me product as well as the reaction Mechanism For each of the Following Vanctions +H₂504 4.50+ T C. +212 Fellz 237 b. Praw the potential energy Diagrams For each OF Mese Rauctions and account For any differences that appear in the two potential Puergy Diagrams which of here two reactions 19 Found to be Reversable, Rationalice your answer based upon the venation mechanisms and the potential energy diagrams.arrow_forward
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