General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.44QP

Complete and balance each of the following molecular equations (in aqueous solution); include phase labels. Then, for each, write the net ionic equation.

  1. a Al(OH)3 + HCl →
  2. b HClO + Sr(OH)2
  3. c Ba(OH)2 + HC2H3O2
  4. d H2SO4 + KOH →

 (a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given set of molecular equations has to be completed and net ionic equation has to be found.

Concept introduction:

Neutralization Reaction:  In neutralization reactions acid and base reacts together to form water and an ionic compound(salt).

A chemical equation is the figurative representation of chemical reaction.  In a chemical equation the reactants are in the left side and the products are in the right side.  A balanced chemical equation serves as an easy tool for understanding a chemical reaction.  There are mainly three types of chemical equations, molecular equations, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation.

In molecular equations the reactants and products are represented as molecular substances, even though they exist as ions in solution phase.  The molecular equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 in solution phase is given below.

Ca(OH)2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)CaCO3(s)+2NaOH(aq)

This equation is helpful in understanding the reactants and products involved in the reaction.

In complete ionic equations the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  Soluble compounds exist as ions in solution.  Complete ionic equation is helpful in understanding the reaction at ionic level.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.

Ca2+(aq)+2OH-(aq)+2Na+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq)

The solid CaCO3 is insoluble and it exist as solid in solution.

In net ionic equations the ions that are common in the reactant and product sides (Spectator ions) are cancelled.  These spectator ions are not participating in the chemical reactions.  The net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.  As hydroxide ions and sodium ions are common in both the side it is neglected from the equation.

Ca2+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)

Answer to Problem 4.44QP

The complete molecular equation

Al(OH)3(s) + 3HCl(aq)AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

The net ionic equation

Al(OH)3(s)+ 3H+(aq)Al3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

The complete molecular equation for the reaction between aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is given below.

Al(OH)3(s) + 3HCl(aq)AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

In complete ionic equation the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction is given below.

Al(OH)3(s)+ 3H+(aq)+3Cl(aq)Al3+(aq)+3Cl(aq) + 3H2O(l)

The ions common in the reactant and the product side are cancelled from the total ionic equation to get net ionic equation.

Al(OH)3(s)+ 3H+(aq)Al3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given set of molecular equations has to be completed and net ionic equation has to be found.

Concept introduction:

Neutralization Reaction:  In neutralization reactions acid and base reacts together to form water and an ionic compound (salt).

A chemical equation is the figurative representation of chemical reaction.  In a chemical equation the reactants are in the left side and the products are in the right side.  A balanced chemical equation serves as an easy tool for understanding a chemical reaction.  There are mainly three types of chemical equations, molecular equations, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation.

In molecular equations the reactants and products are represented as molecular substances, even though they exist as ions in solution phase.  The molecular equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 in solution phase is given below.

Ca(OH)2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)CaCO3(s)+2NaOH(aq)

This equation is helpful in understanding the reactants and products involved in the reaction.

In complete ionic equations the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  Soluble compounds exist as ions in solution.  Complete ionic equation is helpful in understanding the reaction at ionic level.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.

Ca2+(aq)+2OH-(aq)+2Na+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq)

The solid CaCO3 is insoluble and it exist as solid in solution.

In net ionic equations the ions that are common in the reactant and product sides( Spectator ions) are cancelled.  These spectator ions are not participating in the chemical reactions.  The net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.  As hydroxide ions and sodium ions are common in both the side it is neglected from the equation.

Ca2+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)

Answer to Problem 4.44QP

The complete molecular equation

2HClO(aq) + Sr(OH)2(aq)2H2O(l)  + Sr(ClO)2(aq)

The net ionic equation

HClO(aq) +OH(aq)H2O(l)  +ClO(aq)

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the reaction between hypochlorous acid and strontium hydroxide is given below.

2HClO(aq) + Sr(OH)2(aq)2H2O(l)  + Sr(ClO)2(aq)

In complete ionic equation the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction is given below.  Since, hypochlorous acid is a weak acid its ionization is not included in the total ionic equation.

2HClO(aq) + Sr2++2OH(aq)2H2O(l)  + Sr2++2ClO(aq)

The ions common in the reactant and the product side are cancelled from the total ionic equation to get net ionic equation.

2HClO(aq) +2OH(aq)2H2O(l)  +2ClO(aq)

The entire equation is divided by two and we get,

HClO(aq) +OH(aq)H2O(l)  +ClO(aq)

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given set of molecular equations has to be completed and net ionic equation has to be found.

Concept introduction:

Neutralization Reaction:  In neutralization reactions acid and base reacts together to form water and an ionic compound (salt).

A chemical equation is the figurative representation of chemical reaction.  In a chemical equation the reactants are in the left side and the products are in the right side.  A balanced chemical equation serves as an easy tool for understanding a chemical reaction.  There are mainly three types of chemical equations, molecular equations, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation.

In molecular equations the reactants and products are represented as molecular substances, even though they exist as ions in solution phase.  The molecular equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 in solution phase is given below.

Ca(OH)2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)CaCO3(s)+2NaOH(aq)

This equation is helpful in understanding the reactants and products involved in the reaction.

In complete ionic equations the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  Soluble compounds exist as ions in solution.  Complete ionic equation is helpful in understanding the reaction at ionic level.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.

Ca2+(aq)+2OH-(aq)+2Na+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq)

The solid CaCO3 is insoluble and it exist as solid in solution.

In net ionic equations the ions that are common in the reactant and product sides( Spectator ions) are cancelled.  These spectator ions are not participating in the chemical reactions.  The net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.  As hydroxide ions and sodium ions are common in both the side it is neglected from the equation.

Ca2+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)

Answer to Problem 4.44QP

Molecular equation

2(CH3COOH)(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) 2H2O(l) + Ba(CH3COO)2(aq)

The net ionic equation

CH3COOH(aq) +OH(aq) H2O(l) +CH3COO(aq)

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the reaction between acetic acid and barium hydroxide is given below.

2(CH3COOH)(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) 2H2O(l) + Ba(CH3COO)2(aq)

In complete ionic equation the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction is given below.  Since, acetic acid is a weak acid, its ionization is not included in the reactant side of net ionic equation.

2CH3COOH(aq) + Ba2++2OH(aq) 2H2O(l) + Ba2+(aq)+2CH3COO(aq)

The ions common in the reactant and the product side are cancelled from the total ionic equation to get net ionic equation.

2CH3COOH(aq) +2OH(aq) 2H2O(l) +2CH3COO(aq)

The entire equation is divided by two and we get,

CH3COOH(aq) +OH(aq) H2O(l) +CH3COO(aq)

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given set of molecular equations has to be completed and net ionic equation has to be found.

Concept introduction:

Neutralization Reaction:  In neutralization reactions acid and base reacts together to form water and an ionic compound (salt).

A chemical equation is the figurative representation of chemical reaction.  In a chemical equation the reactants are in the left side and the products are in the right side.  A balanced chemical equation serves as an easy tool for understanding a chemical reaction.  There are mainly three types of chemical equations, molecular equations, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation.

In molecular equations the reactants and products are represented as molecular substances, even though they exist as ions in solution phase.  The molecular equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 in solution phase is given below.

Ca(OH)2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)CaCO3(s)+2NaOH(aq)

This equation is helpful in understanding the reactants and products involved in the reaction.

In complete ionic equations the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  Soluble compounds exist as ions in solution.  Complete ionic equation is helpful in understanding the reaction at ionic level.  The complete ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.

Ca2+(aq)+2OH-(aq)+2Na+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq)

The solid CaCO3 is insoluble and it exist as solid in solution.

In net ionic equations the ions that are common in the reactant and product sides( Spectator ions) are cancelled.  These spectator ions are not participating in the chemical reactions.  The net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 is given below.  As hydroxide ions and sodium ions are common in both the side it is neglected from the equation.

Ca2+(aq)+CO32-(aq)CaCO3(s)

Answer to Problem 4.44QP

Molecular equation

H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)

The net ionic equation

H++OH+(aq)H2O(l) 

Explanation of Solution

The complete molecular equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide is given below.

H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)

In complete ionic equation the electrolytes are represented as its ions.  Both the acid and base are strong electrolytes. The complete ionic equation for the reaction is given below.

2H++SO4(aq) + 2K+(aq)+2OH+(aq)2H2O(l) + SO4(aq) + 2K+(aq)

The ions common in the reactant and the product side are cancelled from the total ionic equation to get net ionic equation.

The entire equation is divided by two and we get

H++OH+(aq)H2O(l) 

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Chapter 4 Solutions

General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5CCCh. 4.5 - Obtain the oxidation numbers of the atoms in each...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 4.7 - A sample of sodium chloride, NaCl, weighing 0....Ch. 4.7 - How many milliliters of 0. 163 M NaCl are required...Ch. 4.7 - How many moles of sodium chloride should be put in...Ch. 4.8 - You have a solution that is 1.5 M H2SO4 (sulfuric...Ch. 4.8 - Consider the following beakers. Each contains a...Ch. 4.9 - You are given a sample of limestone, which is...Ch. 4.10 - Nickel sulfate, NiSO4, reacts with sodium...Ch. 4.10 - A 5.00-g sample of vinegar is titrated with 0.108...Ch. 4.10 - Consider three flasks, each containing 0.10 mol of...Ch. 4 - Explain why some electrolyte solutions are...Ch. 4 - Define the terms strong electrolyte and weak...Ch. 4 - Explain the terms soluble and insoluble. Use the...Ch. 4 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 4 - What is a spectator ion? Illustrate with a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7QPCh. 4 - Describe in words how you would prepare pure...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a neutralization reaction....Ch. 4 - Give an example of a polyprotic acid and write...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12QPCh. 4 - Why is the product of molar concentration and...Ch. 4 - Describe how the amount of sodium hydroxide in a...Ch. 4 - What is the net ionic equation for the following...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution mixed with an...Ch. 4 - Which of the following compounds would produce the...Ch. 4 - In an aqueous 0.10 M HNO2 solution (HNO2 is a weak...Ch. 4 - The Behavior of Substances in Water Part 1: a...Ch. 4 - Working with Concentration (Molarity Concepts)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.21QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22QPCh. 4 - You come across a beaker that contains water,...Ch. 4 - Three acid samples are prepared for titration by...Ch. 4 - Would you expect a precipitation reaction between...Ch. 4 - Equal quantities of the hypothetical strong acid...Ch. 4 - Try and answer the following questions without...Ch. 4 - If one mole of the following compounds were each...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, predict the solubility in...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, predict the solubility in...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, decide whether the...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, decide whether the...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations for the following...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations for the following...Ch. 4 - Lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium sulfate...Ch. 4 - Lithium carbonate solution reacts with aqueous...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write molecular and net...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write molecular and net...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following as a strong or weak...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following as a strong or weak...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write the molecular...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write the molecular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47QPCh. 4 - Complete the right side of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Write molecular and net ionic equations for the...Ch. 4 - Write molecular and net ionic equations for the...Ch. 4 - The following reactions occur in aqueous solution....Ch. 4 - The following reactions occur in aqueous solution....Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.58QPCh. 4 - Determine the oxidation numbers of all the...Ch. 4 - Determine the oxidation numbers of all the...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - Balance the following oxidationreduction reactions...Ch. 4 - Balance the following oxidationreduction reactions...Ch. 4 - A sample of 0.0606 mol of iron(III) chloride,...Ch. 4 - A 50.0-mL volume of AgNO3 solution contains 0.0345...Ch. 4 - An aqueous solution is made from 0.798 g of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70QPCh. 4 - What volume of 0.120 M CuSO4 is required to give...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72QPCh. 4 - An experiment calls for 0.0353 g of potassium...Ch. 4 - What is the volume (in milliliters) of 0.100 M...Ch. 4 - Heme, obtained from red blood cells, binds oxygen,...Ch. 4 - Insulin is a hormone that controls the use of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.77QPCh. 4 - Describe how you would prepare 2.50 102 mL of...Ch. 4 - You wish to prepare 0.12 M HNO3 from a stock...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.80QPCh. 4 - A 8.50 g sample of KCl is dissolved in 66.0 mL of...Ch. 4 - Calculate the concentrations of each ion present...Ch. 4 - A chemist added an excess of sodium sulfate to a...Ch. 4 - A soluble iodide was dissolved in water. Then an...Ch. 4 - Copper has compounds with copper(I) ion or...Ch. 4 - Gold has compounds containing gold(I) ion or...Ch. 4 - A compound of iron and chlorine is soluble in...Ch. 4 - A 1.345-g sample of a compound of barium and...Ch. 4 - What volume of 0.230 M HNO3 (nitric acid) reacts...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.90QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.91QPCh. 4 - How many milliliters of 0.250 M KMnO4 are needed...Ch. 4 - A solution of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is titrated...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.94QPCh. 4 - Magnesium metal reacts with hydrobromic acid to...Ch. 4 - Aluminum metal reacts with perchloric acid to...Ch. 4 - Nickel(II) sulfate solution reacts with sodium...Ch. 4 - Potassium sulfate solution reacts with barium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.99QPCh. 4 - Decide whether a reaction occurs for each of the...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.102QPCh. 4 - Describe in words how you would do each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.104QPCh. 4 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.107QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.108QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.109QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.110QPCh. 4 - A stock solution of potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7,...Ch. 4 - A 71.2-g sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, was...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.113QPCh. 4 - An aqueous solution contains 3.75% NH3 (ammonia)...Ch. 4 - A barium mineral was dissolved in hydrochloric...Ch. 4 - Bone was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, giving...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117QPCh. 4 - An antacid tablet has calcium carbonate as the...Ch. 4 - A sample of CuSO45H2O was heated to 110C, where it...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.120QPCh. 4 - A water-soluble compound of gold and chlorine is...Ch. 4 - A solution of scandium chloride was treated with...Ch. 4 - A 0.608-g sample of fertilizer contained nitrogen...Ch. 4 - An antacid tablet contains sodium hydrogen...Ch. 4 - You order a glass of juice in a restaurant, only...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.126QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.127QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.128QPCh. 4 - Zinc acetate is sometimes prescribed by physicians...Ch. 4 - Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a poisonous acid that has...Ch. 4 - When the following equation is balanced by the...Ch. 4 - Identify each of the following reactions as being...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.133QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.134QPCh. 4 - A 25-mL sample of 0.50 M NaOH is combined with a...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of pure water with a density...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137QPCh. 4 - How many grams of precipitate are formed if 175 mL...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.139QPCh. 4 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate (abbreviated as KHP)...Ch. 4 - Lead(II) nitrate reacts with cesium sulfate in an...Ch. 4 - Silver nitrate reacts with strontium chloride in...Ch. 4 - Elemental bromine is the source of bromine...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.144QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.145QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.146QPCh. 4 - Iron forms a sulfide with the approximate formula...Ch. 4 - A transition metal X forms an oxide of formula...Ch. 4 - What volume of a solution of ethanol, C2H6O, that...Ch. 4 - What volume of a solution of ethylene glycol,...Ch. 4 - A 10.0-mL sample of potassium iodide solution was...Ch. 4 - A 25.0-mL sample of sodium sulfate solution was...Ch. 4 - A metal, M, was converted to the sulfate,...Ch. 4 - A metal, M, was converted to the chloride MCl2....Ch. 4 - Phosphoric acid is prepared by dissolving...Ch. 4 - Iron(III) chloride can be prepared by reacting...Ch. 4 - An alloy of aluminum and magnesium was treated...Ch. 4 - An alloy of iron and carbon was treated with...Ch. 4 - Determine the volume of sulfuric acid solution...Ch. 4 - Determine the volume of sodium hydroxide solution...Ch. 4 - The active ingredients of an antacid tablet...Ch. 4 - The active ingredients in an antacid tablet...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.163QP
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