The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined. Concept Introduction: Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation. Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion. The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element. First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge. atom ( g ) → ion with positive charge ( g ) + electron Second ionization: Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization. Third ionization energy: Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy. To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.123QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To plot: The graph considering the given ionization energies for the given element.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The orbital that contains the electron with respect to the energy.

IE1→3s1 IE7→2p1IE2→2p6 IE8→2s2IE3→2p5 IE9→2s1IE4→2p4 IE10→1s2IE5→2p3 IE11→1s1IE6→2p2

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The plot for the given seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

atom(g)→ion with positive charge(g) + electron

Second ionization:

Repeating the same process that is removal of another electron that is second electron from the resulting ion of first ionization is called second ionization.

Third ionization energy:

Removal of electron from ion that results from the second ionization is called third ionization which results to give ion with three positive charges which shows, three electrons gets removed from the atom and the energy associated with it is called third ionization energy.

To determine: The reason for the breaks in the curve of the plot for given element.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1WE Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPA Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.1SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.2SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.3SR Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2WE Ch. 4.2 - Without using a periodic table, give the...Ch. 4.2 - Identify the elements represented by (a)...

Solution Summary: The author explains the seven ionization energies (IE) for the given atom, the shell that has electrons corresponds to the respective IE and the reason for presence of the break in graph.

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Chapter 4 Solutions