“Of the elements K , C a , B r and K r , which a. Is a halogen. b. Has the smallest atomic size. c. Has the lowest ionization energy to remove an electron. d. Requires the most energy to remove an electron. e. Is found in group 2 A (2), Period 4” should be explained Concept introduction: ► Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Generally as we go across a period from left to right, the first ionization energy increases, on the other hand first ionization energy decrease in going down a group. ► Atomic radius decreases in going from left to right across a period. This decrease can be explained in term of the increasing effective nuclear charge in going from left to right. This means that the valence electrons are down closer to the nucleus, decreasing the size of atom. Atomic radius increases down a group, because of the increases in the orbital sizes in successive principal quantum levels.

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Chapter 4, Problem 4.122AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Of the elements $K, C a, B r$ and $K r$ , which

a. Is a halogen.

b. Has the smallest atomic size.

c. Has the lowest ionization energy to remove an electron.

d. Requires the most energy to remove an electron.

e. Is found in group 2 A (2), Period 4”

should be explained

Concept introduction:

► Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Generally as we go across a period from left to right, the first ionization energy increases, on the other hand first ionization energy decrease in going down a group.

► Atomic radius decreases in going from left to right across a period. This decrease can be explained in term of the increasing effective nuclear charge in going from left to right. This means that the valence electrons are down closer to the nucleus, decreasing the size of atom. Atomic radius increases down a group, because of the increases in the orbital sizes in successive principal quantum levels.

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