Chapter 4, Problem 38A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : By the use of Dalton’s atomic theory, atoms interact during a chemical reaction is to be described.

Concept Introduction : John Dalton was the first to give the modern atomic discovery.

Answer to Problem 38A

During a chemical reaction, atoms can be linked, separated, or rearranged to form new combinations. But in a chemical reaction, an atom of one element can never be converted into those of another element.

Explanation of Solution

John Dalton was the first to make the modern atomic discovery.

Dalton used experimental methods to transform Democritus' ideas on atoms into a scientific theory.

He researched the ratios at which the elements combine during chemical reactions.

Dalton developed theories and hypotheses to explain his observations.

Dalton's atomic theory is the name given to the outcome of his research.

The postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory are as follows:

1. Atoms are the tiny, indivisible building blocks that make up all elements.
2. Atoms are identical when it comes to the same element. Each element has unique atoms that are distinct from those of every other element.
3. Compounds can be created by the chemical or physical mixing of atoms from various elements in whole-number ratios.
4. Atoms can be linked, separated, or rearranged to form new combinations to produce chemical reactions. However, a chemical reaction never converts one element's atoms into those of another element.

So, according to Dalton’s 4^th postulate, atoms can be linked, separated, or rearranged to form new combinations to produce a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction can never convert one element’s atoms into those of another element.