(a)
Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a fluorine atom is to be calculated.
Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.
(a)
Answer to Problem 16SP
There are 9 protons and 9 electrons in fluorine.
Explanation of Solution
An element is identified by its
The atomic number of fluorine is 9. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.
As the atomic number of fluorine is 9, the neutral fluorine atom has 9 protons and 9 electrons.
(b)
Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a calcium atom is to be calculated.
Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.
(b)
Answer to Problem 16SP
There are 20 protons and 20 electrons in calcium.
Explanation of Solution
An element is identified by its atomic number.
The atomic number of calcium is 20. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.
As the atomic number of calcium is 20, the neutral calcium atom has 20 protons and 20 electrons.
(c)
Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in an aluminum atom is to be calculated.
Concept Introduction : J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits around the nucleus. The positively charged subatomic particles known as protons were first found in the nucleus by Eugen Goldstein.
(c)
Answer to Problem 16SP
There are 13 protons and 13 electrons in aluminum.
Explanation of Solution
An element is identified by its atomic number.
The atomic number of aluminum is 13. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.
As the atomic number of aluminum is 13, the neutral aluminum atom has 13 protons and 13 electrons.
(d)
Interpretation : The number of protons and electrons in a potassium atom is to be calculated.
Concept Introduction : Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that revolve around the nucleus discovered by J. J. Thomson.Protons are positively charged subatomic particles present in the nucleus discovered by Eugen Goldstein.
(d)
Answer to Problem 16SP
There are 19 protons and 19 electrons in potassium.
Explanation of Solution
An element is identified by its atomic number.
The atomic number of potassium is 19. The atomic number is equal to the no. of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal.
As the atomic number of potassium is 19, the neutral potassium atom has 19 protons and 19 electrons.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry 2012 Student Edition (hard Cover) Grade 11
- 20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. diarrow_forwardProblem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Mearrow_forwardYou are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: OH NaBH4 H ? CH3OH Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forward
- As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forwardgive example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY