Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 4, Problem 34P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The phrase “Gene Expression” needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
DNA stores genetic code which is interpreted by Gene Expression. This process leads to the organism’s
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2. For the flow of fluid over a flat membrane of length 10cm,
determine the length-average mass transfer coefficient. The
relevant properties of the system are u=0.01cm²/s, D=5 x 106
cm²/s, and v = 5.0 cm/s.
Background
Freezing isn't the only challenge in cryopreservation - thawing can
be just as difficult. A microwave oven seems like a nice solution,
since it deposits energy quickly and microwaves are non-ionizing
radiation (they do not cause DNA mutation). However, water
absorbs microwaves more effectively than ice does, meaning that
the portion of an organ that has already melted will get warmer at a
higher rate than the remaining ice – the opposite of what we want!
-
The transmission of radiation through a weakly absorbing material
such as ice or water can be modeled by Beer's law, which assumes
that the rate of absorption at a depth x is proportional to the local
radiation intensity I(x) times an absorption coefficient, which is often
written as μ or a or just µ). Noting that absorption decreases the
intensity, we can write a differential equation
a
Solving the differential equation with the boundary condition on the
surface being
gives the relationship
For a standard microwave oven…
3. Dry air is inhaled at a rate of 10 liter/min through a trachea with
a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 125 mm. The inner
surface of the trachea is at a normal body temperature of 37°C
and may be assumed to be saturated with water.
a. Assuming steady, fully developed flow in the trachea,
estimate the mass transfer convection coefficient.
b. Estimate the daily water loss (liter/day) associated with
evaporation in the trachea.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PCh. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - Prob. 3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4PCh. 4 - Prob. 5PCh. 4 - Prob. 6PCh. 4 - Prob. 7PCh. 4 - Prob. 8PCh. 4 - Prob. 9PCh. 4 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11PCh. 4 - Prob. 12PCh. 4 - Prob. 13PCh. 4 - Prob. 14PCh. 4 - Prob. 15PCh. 4 - Prob. 16PCh. 4 - Prob. 17PCh. 4 - Prob. 18PCh. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - Prob. 20PCh. 4 - Prob. 21PCh. 4 - Prob. 22PCh. 4 - Prob. 23PCh. 4 - Prob. 24PCh. 4 - Prob. 25PCh. 4 - Prob. 26PCh. 4 - Prob. 27PCh. 4 - Prob. 28PCh. 4 - Prob. 29PCh. 4 - Prob. 30PCh. 4 - Prob. 31PCh. 4 - Prob. 32PCh. 4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4 - Prob. 37PCh. 4 - Prob. 38PCh. 4 - Prob. 39PCh. 4 - Prob. 40PCh. 4 - Prob. 41PCh. 4 - Prob. 42PCh. 4 - Prob. 43PCh. 4 - Prob. 44PCh. 4 - Prob. 45PCh. 4 - Prob. 46PCh. 4 - Prob. 47PCh. 4 - Prob. 48PCh. 4 - Prob. 49PCh. 4 - Prob. 50PCh. 4 - Prob. 51PCh. 4 - Prob. 52P
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- 1. Conceptual questions a. What dimensionless group describes the relative importance of convection versus diffusion. Explain the physical basis of this group. b. For mass transfer from a flowing fluid to a reactive surface, explain how convection increases the flux of solute to the surface.arrow_forwardAssessment +1501 pts /1600 Resources Solution ? Hint Sub bo Each pictured Lewis structure is invalid. Identify the error in each case. O Macmillan Learning :0▬▬0: Answer Bank wrong electron total :0- :F======F: octet-rule violation N :0:arrow_forward[s] mM V (M/s) Uninhibited 0.333 1.65 x 107 1.05 x 107 V (M/s) x 10' Inhibitor A V (M/s) x 107 Inhibitor B 0.794 x 107 0.40 1.86 x 107 1.21 x 107 0.893 x 107 0.50 2.13 x 107 1.43 x 107 1.02 x 107 0.666 2.49 x 107 1.74 x 107 1.19 x 107 1.0 2.99 x 107 2.22 x 107 1.43 x 107 2.0 3.72 x 107 3.08 x 107 1.79 x 107arrow_forward
- For a Michaelis-Menten reaction, k₁-5 x 10'/M-s, k.-2 x 10%/s, and k₂-4 x 10²/s. a) Calculate the Ks and KM for this reaction. b) Does substrate binding achieve equilibrium or steady state?arrow_forwardAssume that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction follows the scheme shown: E+S SES →E + P k₁ = 1 x 109/M-s k-1=2.5 x 10%/s k₂ = 3.4 x 107/s What is the dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate, K,? What is the Michaelis constant, Km, for this enzyme? What is the turnover number, Keat, for this enzyme? What is the catalytic efficiency for the enzyme? If the initial Et concentration is 0.25mM, what is Vmax?arrow_forwardAn enzyme lowers the activation energy, (AG) of a reaction from 50.0 kcal/mol to 40.0 kcal/mol. Calulate the catalytic power at 310K. (R-1.987x10 kcal/mol)arrow_forward
- Draw a typical axodendritic synapse, including a specific neurotransmitter of your choice, its associated postsynaptic receptors (indicating whether they are ionotropic or metabotropic), and any associated reuptake transporters or degradation enzymes. Please include a description of what specific steps would occur as an action potential reaches the axonal terminal.arrow_forwardGive a full arrow pushing mechanism of the spontaneous redox reaction between NAD+/NADH and oxaloacetate/malate. Please include diagram drawing of the mechanism! (Thank You!)arrow_forward18. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from the following series of reactions? 1. BH3 2. H2O2, NaOH H₂CrO4 CH2N2 oro ororos A B C D Earrow_forward
- 17. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from the following series of reactions? CI benzyl alcohol OH PBr3 Mg 1. CO2 SOCl2 ? ether 2. H+, H₂O CI Cl HO OH CI Cl A B C D Earrow_forward14. What is the IUPAC name of this compound? A) 6-hydroxy-4-oxohexanenitrile B) 5-cyano-3-oxo-1-pentanol C) 5-cyano-1-hydroxy-3-pentanone D) 1-cyano-5-hydroxy-3-pentanone E) 5-hydroxy-3-oxopentanenitrile HO. CNarrow_forward13. What is the IUPAC name of this compound? A) 5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid B) 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid C) 3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-1,5-pentanediol D) 1,5-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentanal E) 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid HO OHarrow_forward
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