University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 21P
After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a mole of ideal diatomic gas is compressed back to its original volume isobarically and then cooled down to its original temperature. What is the minimum heat removed from the gas in the final step to restoring its state?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Statistical thermodynamics. The number of imaginary replicas of a system of N particlesa) cannot be greater than Avogadro's numberb) must always be greater than Avogadro's number.c) has no relation to Avogadro's number.
Lab-Based Section
Use the following information to answer the lab based scenario.
A student performed an experiment in an attempt to determine the index of refraction of glass.
The student used a laser and a protractor to measure a variety of angles of incidence and
refraction through a semi-circular glass prism. The design of the experiment and the student's
results are shown below.
Angle of
Incidence (°)
Angle of
Refraction (º)
20
11
30
19
40
26
50
31
60
36
70
38
2a) By hand (i.e., without using computer software), create a linear graph on graph paper
using the student's data. Note: You will have to manipulate the data in order to achieve a
linear function.
2b) Graphically determine the index of refraction of the semi-circular glass prism, rounding your
answer to the nearest hundredth.
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
A laser is directed at a prism made of zircon (n = 1.92) at an incident angle of 35.0°, as shown in
the diagram.
3a) Determine the critical angle of zircon.
35.0°
70°
55
55°
3b) Determine the angle of refraction when the laser beam leaves the prism.
Chapter 4 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of...Ch. 4 - Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a...Ch. 4 - State an example of a process that occurs in...Ch. 4 - Explain in practical terms why efficiency is...Ch. 4 - If the refrigerator door is left what happens to...
Ch. 4 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible...Ch. 4 - In the text, we showed that if the Clausius...Ch. 4 - Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting...Ch. 4 - Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 4 - The energy output of a heat pump is greater than...Ch. 4 - Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state...Ch. 4 - To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine,...Ch. 4 - How could you design a Carnot engine with 100%...Ch. 4 - What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle?Ch. 4 - Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for...Ch. 4 - Is it possible for a system to have an entropy...Ch. 4 - Are the entropy changes of the system in the...Ch. 4 - Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is...Ch. 4 - A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm...Ch. 4 - A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and...Ch. 4 - After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a...Ch. 4 - An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40....Ch. 4 - In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine...Ch. 4 - An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J...Ch. 4 - It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold reservoir of the...Ch. 4 - An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J...Ch. 4 - If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600...Ch. 4 - A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume...Ch. 4 - A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 ....Ch. 4 - An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 ...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum work required of a...Ch. 4 - Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat...Ch. 4 - In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally...Ch. 4 - What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100...Ch. 4 - A metal is used to conduct heat between two...Ch. 4 - For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to...Ch. 4 - (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is...Ch. 4 - A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor...Ch. 4 - In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the temperature of the water in the...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice...Ch. 4 - The Carnot cycle is represented by the...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs...Ch. 4 - A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air,...Ch. 4 - A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground,...Ch. 4 - An engineer must design a refrigerator that does...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed...Ch. 4 - A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic...Ch. 4 - A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 ...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the...Ch. 4 - A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped...Ch. 4 - Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of...Ch. 4 - A heat engine operates between two temperatures...Ch. 4 - A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is...Ch. 4 - (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added...Ch. 4 - Using the result of the preceding problem, show...Ch. 4 - With the help of the two preceding problems, show...Ch. 4 - A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and...Ch. 4 - A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial...Ch. 4 - The gasoline internal combustion engine operates...Ch. 4 - An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle...Ch. 4 - Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the...Ch. 4 - Derive a formula for the coefficient of...Ch. 4 - Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 ...
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