University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4CQ
Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible engine to greater than 1.0? Is it possible for the coefficient of performance of a reversible refrigerator to be less than 1.0?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of...Ch. 4 - Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a...Ch. 4 - State an example of a process that occurs in...Ch. 4 - Explain in practical terms why efficiency is...Ch. 4 - If the refrigerator door is left what happens to...
Ch. 4 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible...Ch. 4 - In the text, we showed that if the Clausius...Ch. 4 - Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting...Ch. 4 - Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 4 - The energy output of a heat pump is greater than...Ch. 4 - Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state...Ch. 4 - To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine,...Ch. 4 - How could you design a Carnot engine with 100%...Ch. 4 - What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle?Ch. 4 - Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for...Ch. 4 - Is it possible for a system to have an entropy...Ch. 4 - Are the entropy changes of the system in the...Ch. 4 - Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is...Ch. 4 - A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm...Ch. 4 - A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and...Ch. 4 - After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a...Ch. 4 - An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40....Ch. 4 - In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine...Ch. 4 - An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J...Ch. 4 - It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold reservoir of the...Ch. 4 - An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J...Ch. 4 - If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600...Ch. 4 - A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume...Ch. 4 - A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 ....Ch. 4 - An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 ...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum work required of a...Ch. 4 - Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat...Ch. 4 - In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally...Ch. 4 - What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100...Ch. 4 - A metal is used to conduct heat between two...Ch. 4 - For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to...Ch. 4 - (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is...Ch. 4 - A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor...Ch. 4 - In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the temperature of the water in the...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice...Ch. 4 - The Carnot cycle is represented by the...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs...Ch. 4 - A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air,...Ch. 4 - A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground,...Ch. 4 - An engineer must design a refrigerator that does...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed...Ch. 4 - A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic...Ch. 4 - A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 ...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the...Ch. 4 - A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped...Ch. 4 - Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of...Ch. 4 - A heat engine operates between two temperatures...Ch. 4 - A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is...Ch. 4 - (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added...Ch. 4 - Using the result of the preceding problem, show...Ch. 4 - With the help of the two preceding problems, show...Ch. 4 - A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and...Ch. 4 - A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial...Ch. 4 - The gasoline internal combustion engine operates...Ch. 4 - An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle...Ch. 4 - Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the...Ch. 4 - Derive a formula for the coefficient of...Ch. 4 - Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 ...
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- A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forwardShow that the coefficients of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps are related by COPref=COPhp1. Start with the definitions of the COP s and the conservation of energy relationship between Qh, QC, and W.arrow_forwardTrue or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic process must be zero because Q = 0.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forwardA copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature Ti to a higher final temperature Tf along two different reversible paths. Path A is at constant pressure, and path B is at constant volume. What is the relation between the entropy changes of the gas for these paths? (a) SA SB (b) SA = SB (c) SA SBarrow_forward
- Of the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forwardDoes the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for each cycle?arrow_forwardA heat engine operates between two temperatures such that the working substance of the engine absorbs 5000 J of heat from the high-temperature bath and discharges 3000 J to the low-temperature bath. The rest of the energy is converted into mechanical energy of the turbine. Find (a) the amount of work produced by the engine and (b) the efficiency of the engine.arrow_forward
- A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical energy while operating between two thermal baths of different temperatures. The working substance of the engine discharges 5 MJ of heat to the cold temperature bath. What is the efficiency of the engine?arrow_forwardAn athlete whose mass is 70.0 kg drinks 16.0 ounces (454 g) of refrigerated water. The water is at a temperature of 35.0F. (a) Ignoring the temperature change of the body that results from the water intake (so that the body is regarded as a reservoir always at 98.6F), find the entropy increase of the entire system. (b) What If? Assume the entire body is cooled by the drink and the average specific heat of a person is equal to the specific heat of liquid water. Ignoring any other energy transfers by heat and any metabolic energy release, find the athletes temperature after she drinks the cold water given an initial body temperature of 98.6F. (c) Under these assumptions, what is the entropy increase of the entire system? (d) State how this result compares with the one you obtained in part (a).arrow_forwardConsider cyclic processes completely characterized by each of the following net energy inputs and outputs. In each case, the energy transfers listed are the only ones occurring. Classify each process as (a) possible, (b) impossible according to the first law of thermodynamics, (c) impossible according to the second law of thermodynamics, or (d) impossible according to both the first and second laws. (i) Input is 5 J of work, and output is 4 J of work. (ii) Input is 5 J of work, and output is 5 J of energy transferred by heat. (iii) Input is 5 J of energy transferred by electrical transmission, and output is 6 J of work. (iv) Input is 5 J of energy transferred by heat, and output is 5 J of energy transferred by heat. (v) Input is 5 J of energy transferred by heat, and output is 5 J of work. (vi) Input is 5 J of energy transferred by heat, and output is 3 J of work plus 2 J of energy transferred by heat.arrow_forward
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