Chapter 4, Problem 1VCQ

Figure 4.7 Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. What advantages might small cell size confer on a cell? What advantages might large cell size have?

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than the eukaryotic cells. Discuss the advantages a small cell size and a large cell size confer on a cell.

Introduction:

A small cell size allows quick transport of molecules. A large cell size helps to separate biological process and support the synthesis of complex molecules.

Explanation of Solution

A small cell size has several advantages. It allows an easy transport of substances across the plasma membrane. Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which provide them a greater surface area for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials by spending relatively lesser energy. In a small cell, nucleus is relatively closer to the plasma membrane. This results in an efficient transport of messages.

Large cell size has its own share of advantages. It allows to be divided into compartments. Large cells have organelles. Different organelles perform different functions thus enabling the cell to build molecules that are more complex in nature.

Conclusion

A small cell size allows an easier transport of substance through the plasma membrane by spending a relatively lesser amount of energy. A large cell size allows to be divided into compartments. Different organelles perform different functions thereby enabling the cell to produce complex molecules.